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Question 1

myotatic reflex (stretch reflex)

Answer 1

monosynaptic reflex starting from the muscle spindle and causing contraction of the muscle on stretching

Question 2

homunculus

Answer 2

drawing indicating the representation of different body parts on the somatosensory cortex proportionally to the number of receptors, thus causing distortion of the image

Question 3

Renshaw neuron

Answer 3

inhibitory neuron in the spinal cord excited by a collateral of the alpha motoneuron and providing negative feedback to the motoneuron

Question 4

glaucoma

Answer 4

eye disease caused by an excessive intraocular pressure due to a disturbance in the production and reabsorption of the aqueous humor

Question 5

anabolism

Answer 5

a part of the intermediary metabolism, syntheses of materials, building up the organism’s own materials

Question 6

kinocilium

Answer 6

long process on the apical surface of the hair cells showing cilium structure in cross section

Question 7

juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)

Answer 7

cell-group located in the angular area of the glomerulus and the tubules in the nephrons that produces renin (to regulate ionic milieu and fluid balance through the renin-angiotensin system)

Question 8

erection

Answer 8

the solidification of the penis by being filled up with blood before a sexual act

Question 9

diabetes insipidus

Answer 9

a condition caused by the lack or decreased production of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin); symptoms are excessive urination and extreme thirst

Question 10

Purkinje neuron

Answer 10

GABAergic inhibitory neuron providing the main output of the cerebellum

Question 11

cretinism

Answer 11

retarded mental and physical state (dwarfism) caused by a low level of thyroid hormones during development

Question 12

calcitriol

Answer 12

hormone prepared from D2 and D3; increases calcium absorption in the gut and calcium mobilization in the bone, thus increases calcium level in the blood