课文 8 Flashcards
Chocolate
巧克力
qiǎokèlì
NOUN
chocolate
巧克力饼干
qiǎokèlì bǐnggān
chocolate biscuit
果仁巧克力
Guǒrén qiǎokèlì
nut chocolate
酒心巧克力
jiǔ xīn qiǎokèlì
whisky heart chocolate
VARIANTS
朱古力 zhūgǔlì
Familiar
亲戚〔親-〕
qīnqi
NOUN
relative
一门亲戚
Yī mén qīnqi
a set of relatives
我们两家是亲戚。
Wǒmen liǎng jiā shì qīnqi.
Our two families are relatives.
Tristeza
伤心〔傷-〕
shāng//xīn
ADJECTIVE
feel sad; be grieved; be broken-hearted (opp. 高兴)
伤心落泪
shāngxīn luòlèi
shed sad tears; weep in grief
伤透了心
shāng tòu le xīn
feel extremely heartbroken
别为这事伤心。
Bié wèi zhè shì shāngxīn.
Don’t let it grieve you.
这么好的庄稼给雹子打了, 真叫人伤心。
Zhème hǎo de zhuāngjia gěi báozi dǎ le, zhēn jiào rén shāngxīn.
It’s really heartrending to see such fine crops damaged by the hailstorm.
丈夫有泪不轻弹, 只因未到伤心处。
Zhàngfu yǒu lèi bù qīng tán, zhǐ yīn wèi dào shāngxīn chù.
A man does not easily shed tears until his heart is broken.
Hacer, causar
使
shǐ
VERB
1 send; tell sb. to do sth.
使人去打听消息
shǐ rén qù dǎting xiāoxi
send sb. to make inquiries
2 use; employ; apply
使化肥
shǐ huàféi
use chemical fertilizer
心往一处想, 劲往一处使
Xīn wǎng yī chù xiǎng, jìn wǎng yī chù shǐ
with everyone’s thoughts and efforts directed towards one goal
这支笔好使。
zhè zhī bǐ hǎo shǐ.
This pen writes well.
把词典借我使使。
Bǎ cídiǎn jiè wǒ shǐ shǐ.
Please lend me your dictionary.
3 make; cause; enable
使青少年在德, 智, 体几方面都得到发展
shǐ qīng-shàonián zài dé, zhì, tǐ jǐ fāngmiàn dōu dédào fāzhǎn
enable youth to develop morally, intellectually, and physically
要使群众满意
yào shǐ qúnzhòng mǎnyì
satisfy the public
修改原有计划, 使之适合于新情况
xiūgǎi yuányǒu jìhuà, shǐ zhī shìhé yú xīn qíngkuàng
revise the original plan so it conforms to the new situation
他的话并不使人感到意外。
Tā de huà bìng bù shǐ rén gǎndào yìwài.
What he said was not surprising. or His words were not unexpected.
CONJUNCTION
if; supposing
纵使
zòngshǐ
even if; even though
NOUN
LITERARY
envoy; messenger
来使
láishǐ
envoy from another party (or state)
遣使
qiǎnshǐ
dispatch a messenger
Mood, actitud
心情
xīnqíng
NOUN
frame (or state) of mind; mood
心情沉重
xīnqíng chénzhòng
with a heavy heart
心情激动
xīnqíng jīdòng
be excited; be thrilled
心情舒畅
xīnqíngshūchàng
have ease of mind
心情愉快
xīnqíng yúkuài
be in a cheerful frame (or state) of mind; be in a good (or happy) mood; have a light heart
心情不一样, 感受也不同。
Xīnqíng bù yīyàng, gǎnshòu yě bùtóng.
People in different moods feel differently about things.
Alegre, contento
愉快
yúkuài
ADJECTIVE
happy; joyful; cheerful
愉快的事
yúkuài de shì
something pleasant; joyful event
愉快的微笑
yúkuài de wēixiào
happy smile
心情愉快
xīnqíng yúkuài
be in a merry mood; be in a cheerful frame of mind
旅途愉快!
lǚtú yúkuài
Bon voyage!
祝你在中国逗留期间过得愉快。
Zhù nǐ zài Zhōngguó dòuliú qījiān guò de yúkuài.
I hope you’ll have a pleasant stay in China.
Escenario, vista
景色
jǐngsè
NOUN
scenery; view; scene; landscape
南国景色
nánguó jǐngsè
southern landscape
深秋景色
Shēnqiū jǐngsè
late autumn scene
自然景色
zìran jǐngsè
natural scenery
海上看日出, 景色特别美丽。
Hǎishàng kàn rìchū, jǐngsè tèbié měilì.
Sunrise at sea is particularly beautiful.
Relajarse
放松〔-鬆〕
fàngsōng
VERB
relax; slacken; loosen
放松肌肉
fàngsōng jīròu
relax one’s muscles
放松警惕
fàngsōng jǐngtì
relax one’s vigilance
放松鞋带
Fàngsōng xiédài
loosen shoelaces
你怎么放松自己呢?
Nǐ zěnmefàngsōng zìjǐ ne?
How do you relax yourself?
Estrés, presión
压力〔壓-〕
yālì
NOUN
1
PHYSICS
pressure (force)
大气压力
dàqì yālì
atmospheric (or barometric) pressure
2 overwhelming force; pressure
外界压力
wàijiè yālì
outside pressure
对某人施加压力
duì mǒurén shījiā yālì
bring pressure to bear on sb.
在舆论的压力下
zài yúlùn de yālì xià
under the pressure of public opinion
3 burden; strain
运输压力
yùnshū yālì
strain on transportation
Recordar, memorias
回忆〔迴憶〕
huíyì
VERB
call (or bring) to mind; recollect; recall
回忆对比
huíyì duìbǐ
recall the past and contrast it with the present
他的脸我还认得, 名字却回忆不起来了。
Tā de liǎn wǒ hái rènde, míngzi què huíyì bù qǐlai le.
I remember his face, but not his name.
Suceder, pasar
发生〔發-〕
fāshēng
VERB
happen; occur; take place
发生了意外。
Fāshēng le yìwài.
Something unexpected happened.
发生了巨大的变化。
Fāshēng le jùdà de biànhuà.
Tremendous changes have taken place.
发生了新的困难。
fāshēng le xīn de kùnnan.
New difficulties cropped up (or arose).
故事发生在一九六二年秋天。
Gùshi fāshēng zài yī jiǔ liù èr nián qiūtiān.
The story is set in the autumn of 1962.
机器发生了故障。
Jīqì fāshēng le gùzhàng.
The machine broke down.
那里发生了强烈地震。
Nàli fāshēng le qiángliè dìzhèn.
A violent earthquake occurred there.
她对养蜂发生了兴趣。
Tā duì yǎng fēng fāshēng le xìngqù.
She’s become interested in apiculture.
Transformarse
成为〔-為〕
chéngwéi
VERB
become; turn into
成为工程师
chéngwéi gōngchéngshī
become an engineer
把中国建设成为社会主义的现代化强国
bǎ Zhōngguó jiànshè chéngwéi shèhuìzhǔyì de xiàndàihuà qiángguó
build China into a powerful modern socialist country
Si (conjuntivo) hipotético. Si algo pasase
只要
zhǐyào
CONJUNCTION
[usu. with 就 or 便] if only; as long as; provided
只要你有钱就办得到。
Zhǐyào nǐ yǒu qián jiù bàn de dào.
You can do it if you have the money.
只要你在这儿, 我就放心了。
Zhǐyào nǐ zài zhèr, wǒ jiù fàngxīn le.
As long as you’re here, I’m not worried.
只要虚心, 就会进步。
Zhǐ yào xūxīn, jiù huì jìnbù.
If you are modest, you are sure to make progress.
Maestro
师傅〔師-〕
shīfu
NOUN
1 master worker (a qualified worker as distinct from an apprentice)
2 [respectful form of address for a skilled worker]
老师傅
lǎoshīfu
veteran master worker
裁缝师傅
cáifeng shīfu
tailor; dressmaker
3
COLLOQUIAL
[form of address for any stranger]
师傅, 请问到邮局怎么走?
shīfu, qǐngwèn dào yóujú zěnme zǒu?
Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to the post office?
Embajada
大使馆〔–館〕
dàshǐguǎn
embassy
Trancòn
堵车〔-車〕
dǔ//chē
VERB
traffic jam; heavy traffic
堵了一小时车
dǔ le yī xiǎoshí chē
(of a road) be blocked for an hour; stuck in traffic for an hour
Distancia
距离〔-離〕
jùlí
NOUN
distance
保持一定距离
Bǎochí yīdìng jùlí
keep one’s distance; remain at a distance
他的看法和你有距离。
Tā de kànfǎ hé nǐ yǒu jùlí.
His opinion differs from yours.
VERB
apart (or away) from; at a distance from
距离车站十五里
jùlí chēzhàn shíwǔ lǐ
15 li from the station
我们的工作距离要求还很远。
Wǒmen de gōngzuò jùlí yāoqiú hái hěn yuǎn.
Our work falls far short of the standard.
Paciencia
耐心
nàixīn
ADJECTIVE
patient (opp. 急躁)
耐心等待
nàixīn děngdài
wait patiently
耐心点儿, 会有机会的。
nàixīn diǎnr, huì yǒu jīhuì de.
Be patient, your time will come.
NOUN
patience
失去耐心
Shīqù nàixīn
lose one’s patience; be out of patience
Vida
生命
shēngmìng
NOUN
life
学习古人语言中有生命的东西
Xuéxí gǔrén yǔyán zhōng yǒu shēngmìng de dōngxi
learn whatever is alive in the classical Chinese language
生命不息, 希望长在。
shēngmìng bùxī, xīwàng cháng zài.
Where there is life, there is hope.
政策和策略是党的生命。
Zhèngcè hé cèlüè shì dǎng de shēngmìng.
Policy and tactics are the life of the Party.
贪污受贿断送了他的政治生命。
Tānwū shòuhuì duànsòng le tā de zhèngzhì shēngmìng.
Corruption and bribe-taking cost him his political career.
Carencia
缺少
quēshǎo
VERB
lack; be short of; be in want of
缺少零件
quēshǎo língjiàn
lack spare parts
缺少人手
quēshǎo rénshǒu
be short of hands; be short-handed
不可缺少的条件
bùkě quēshǎo de tiáojiàn
indispensable conditions
这些植物缺少水, 都死了。
Zhèxiē zhíwù quēshǎo shuǐ, dōu sǐ le.
The plants died for want of water.
他工作认真, 但缺少办法。
Tā gōngzuò rènzhēn, dàn quēshǎo bànfǎ.
He’s a concientious worker, but is not very resourceful.
En todo lado, en todo lugar
到处〔-處〕
dàochù
ADVERB
at all places; everywhere
到处碰壁
dàochù pèngbì
run into snags everywhere
烟头不要到处乱扔。
Yāntóu bùyào dàochù luàn rēng.
Don’t drop cigarette ends about.
Actitud
态度〔態-〕
tàidu
NOUN
1 manner; bearing; how one conducts oneself
态度大方
Tàidu dàfang
have an easy manner; forthright
态度恶劣
tàidu èliè
behave badly
态度和蔼
tàidu hé’ǎi
amiable; kindly
你这是什么态度?
Nǐ zhè shì shénme tàidu?
What sort of attitude is that? or Is this a way to behave?
他今天态度有些异常。
Tā jīntiān tàidu yǒuxiē yìcháng.
He is not his usual self today.
2 attitude; approach; stance
劳动态度
láodòng tàidu
attitude towards manual labour
改变自己的态度
gǎibiàn zìjǐ de tàidu
change one’s attitude; shift one’s position; change one’s stance
把热情和科学态度结合起来
bǎ rèqíng hé kēxué tàidu jiéhé qǐlai
combine enthusiasm with a rigorous approach
他在改革问题上态度坚决。
Tā zài gǎigé wèntí shàng tàidu jiānjué.
He stands firm on the reform issue.
在原则问题上要表明我们的态度。
Zài yuánzé wèntí shàng yào biǎomíng wǒmen de tàidu.
We must state our position on matters of principle.
这家饭馆的服务态度很好。
Zhè jiā fànguǎn de fúwù tàidu hěn hǎo.
The service is good at this restaurant.
See 耍态度
Por eso, en consecuencia
因此
yīncǐ
CONJUNCTION
so; therefore; for this reason; consequently
雪融化时吸收热量, 气温因此下降。
Xuě rónghuà shí xīshōu rèliàng, qìwēn yīncǐ xiàjiàng.
Melting snow absorbs heat, and so makes the temperature drop.
她的话引得大家都笑了, 室内的空气因此轻松了很多。
Tā de huà yǐndé dàjiā dōu xiào le, shìnèi de kōngqì yīncǐ qīngsōng le hěn duō.
What she said set everyone laughing, and consequently the party livened up a lot.
Elegir, seleccionar
选择〔選擇〕
xuǎnzé
NOUN
choice
没有选择
méi·yǒu xuǎnzé
have no choice at all
VERB
select; choose; opt
选择职业
xuǎnzé zhíyè
choose an occupation
选择(的)余地
xuǎnzé yúdì
option; choice
Incapaz
无法〔無-〕
wúfǎ
VERB
unable; incapable
无法形容
wúfǎ xíngróng
beyond description
无法应付
wúfǎ yìngfu
unable to cope with; at the end of one’s resources
无法解脱的困境
wúfǎ jiětuō de kùnjìng
inextricable dilemma
局势无法控制。
Júshì wúfǎ kòngzhì.
The situation was out of control.
Ser capaz de
能够〔-夠〕
nénggòu
VERB
1 be able to; be capable of
能够独立工作
Nénggòu dúlì gōngzuò
be able to work on one’s own
他能够说三种外语。
Tā nénggòu shuō sān zhǒng wàiyǔ.
He can speak three foreign languages.
这条河的下游能够行驶轮船。
Zhè tiáo hé de xiàyóu nénggòu xíngshǐ lúnchuán.
The lower reaches of the river are navigable for steamers.
2 be allowed to
明天的晚会, 家属也能够参加。
Míngtiān de wǎnhuì, jiāshǔ yě nénggòu cānjiā.
Family members are also welcome at tomorrow’s party.
Disculpe
原谅〔-諒〕
yuánliàng
VERB
excuse; forgive; pardon
得到原谅
dédào yuánliàng
obtain a pardon
不能原谅的错误
Bù néng yuánliàng de cuòwù
unpardonable mistake
我来晚了, 请原谅。
Wǒ lái wǎn le, qǐng yuánliàng.
Please excuse me for being late.
Queso
芝士
zhīshì
cheese (loanword)
Hambuerguesa
汉堡〔漢-〕
hànbǎo
NOUN
1
(Hànbǎo)
Hamburg (a city in Germany)
2
VARIANT OF 汉堡包
hamburger
Ciencia
科学〔-學〕
kēxué
NOUN
1 science
自然科学
zìrán kēxué
natural science
2 a branch or field of science
语言科学
yǔyán kēxué
science of language; linguistic science
ADJECTIVE
scientific
科学种田
kēxué zhòngtián
scientific farming
这种工作方法不科学。
Zhèzhǒng gōngzuò fāngfǎ bù kēxué.
This working method is not scientific.
Probar
证明〔證-〕
zhèngmíng
NOUN
certificate; identification; testimonial
医生证明
yīshēng zhèngmíng
medical certificate
VERB
prove; testify; bear out
充分证明
chōngfèn zhèngmíng
fully prove; demonstrate
雄辩地证明
xióngbiàn de zhèngmíng
give (or be) eloquent proof of
事实证明我是对的。
Shìshí zhèngmíng wǒ shì duì de.
The facts bear me out.
无数事实已证明了这一点。
Wúshù shìshí yǐ zhèngmíng le zhè yīdiǎn.
Countless facts have proved this point.
Frecuente, usualmente
往往
wǎngwǎng
ADVERB
often; frequently
有雾的时候班机往往取消。
Yǒu wù de shíhou bānjī wǎngwǎng qǔxiāo.
In foggy weather, flights are often cancelled.
有些人往往只看到当前的利益。
Yǒuxiē rén wǎngwǎng zhǐ kàndào dāngqián de lìyì.
Some people are prone to see only immediate interests.
Optimista
阳光〔陽-〕
yángguāng
NOUN
sunlight; sunshine
阳光充足
Yángguāng chōngzú
full of sunlight; with plenty of sunshine (or sun); sunny
阳光普照大地。
Yángguāng pǔzhào dàdì.
Sunlight floods the earth. or The sun illuminates every corner of the land.
ADJECTIVE
1 cheerful; optimistic
阳光男孩
yángguāng nánháir
cheerful boy
2 open; transparent
阳光采购
yángguāng cǎigòu
transparent purchase
阳光操作
yángguāng cāozuò
transparent operation
activo, energético, vigoroso
积极〔積極〕
jījí
ADJECTIVE
1 positive
积极财政政策
jījí cáizhèng zhèngcè
proactive fiscal policy
做出积极贡献
zuòchū jījí gòngxiàn
make positive contributions
2 active; energetic; vigorous
积极思考
jījí sīkǎo
active thinking
积极向上
jījí xiàngshàng
set high goals for oneself
积极进取的精神
jījí jìnqǔ de jīngshén
pioneering spirit
采取积极措施
Cǎiqǔ jījí cuòshī
adopt vigorous measures
他工作积极, 受到奖励。
tā gōngzuò jījí, shòudào jiǎnglì.
He was given an award for being a hard worker.
他锻炼身体一向很积极。
Tā duànliàn shēntǐ yīxiàng hěn jījí.
He has always been very keen on doing physical exercises.
Característica
特点〔-點〕
tèdiǎn
NOUN
characteristic; distinguishing feature; peculiarity; trait
生理特点
Shēnglǐ tèdiǎn
physiological characteristics
照顾妇女的特点
zhàogu fùnǚ de tèdiǎn
pay attention to the special needs of women
该厂的产品具有工艺精湛, 经久耐用的特点。
Gāi chǎng de chǎnpǐn jùyǒu gōngyì jīngzhàn, jīngjiǔnàiyòng detèdiǎn.
This factory’s products are noted for their fine workmanship and durability.