课文6

Question 1

jugo de fruta

Answer 1

果汁
guǒzhī
NOUN
fruit juice

Question 2

Vendedor (a)

Answer 2

售货员〔-貨員〕
shòuhuòyuán
NOUN
salesperson; shop assistant; salesclerk

男售货员
Nán shòuhuòyuán
salesman

女售货员
nǚshòuhuòyuán
saleswoman; salesgirl; shopgirl

Question 3

Medias

Answer 3

袜子〔襪-〕
wàzi
NOUN
socks; stockings; hose

Question 4

Molestar, incomodar

Answer 4

打扰〔-擾〕
dǎrǎo
VARIANT OF 打搅〔打攪〕 dǎjiǎo

VERB
disturb; trouble

对不起, 打搅您了！
Duìbuqǐ, dǎjiǎo nín le!
Sorry to have bothered you.

人家正在工作, 别去打搅他了。
Rénjia zhèng zài gōngzuò, bié qù dǎjiǎo tā le.
He’s working. Don’t disturb him.

Question 5

Inesperadamente

Answer 5

竟然
jìngrán
ADVERB
1 unexpectedly; to one’s surprise; actually

想不到他们竟然把一座荒山变成了花果山。
Xiǎng bù dào tāmen jìngrán bǎ yī zuò huāngshān biànchéng le huāguǒ shān.
Amazing how they have turned a barren hill into an orchard!

这样宏伟的建筑, 竟然只用十个月的时间就完成了。
Zhèyàng hóngwěi de jiànzhù, jìngrán zhǐ yòng shí ge yuè de shíjiān jiù wánchéng le.
To think that such a magnificent building was completed in ten months!

2 go so far as to; go to the length of; have the impudence (or effrontery) to

竟然不顾事实
Jìngrán bù gù shìshí
go so far as to disregard the facts; actually ignore the facts

Question 6

Tomate

Answer 6

西红柿〔-紅-〕
xīhóngshì
VARIANT OF 番茄 fānqié

NOUN
tomato

Question 7

Porcentaje

Answer 7

百分之
bǎifēnzhī
percent

Question 8

Veces (multiplicar)

Answer 8

倍
bèi

MEASURE WORD
times; -fold

大一倍
Dà yī bèi
twice as big; twice the size

四倍
sì bèi
four times; fourfold

增长了五倍
zēngzhǎng le wǔ bèi
increase by 500%; register a 500% increase; be six times as much

产量成倍增长。
Chǎnliàng chéngbèi zēngzhǎng.
Output has doubled and redoubled.

二的五倍是十。
Èr de wǔ bèi shì shí.
Five times two is ten.

十是五的两倍。
Shí shì wǔ de liǎng bèi.
Ten is twice as much as five.

战胜了两倍于我的敌人。
Zhànshèng le liǎng bèi yú wǒ de dírén.
We defeated an enemy outnumbering us two to one.

ADVERB
1 even more; especially

倍感亲切
bèi gǎn qīn qiè
feel especially close; very warm

加倍努力
Jiābèi nǔlì
with redoubled efforts

2
DIALECT
[before certain adjectives] very; particularly

倍儿棒
Bèir bàng.
awfully good

倍儿香
bèi r xiāng
very delicious

倍儿聪明
Bèir cōngming
terribly clever

Question 9

Piel

Answer 9

皮肤〔-膚〕
pífū

NOUN
skin

白皮肤
bái pífū
fair skin

ADJECTIVE
LITERARY FIGURATIVE
superficial

皮肤之见
pífūzhījiàn
superficial opinion; superficial view

Question 10

Beneficio, ventaja

Answer 10

好处〔-處〕
hǎochu
NOUN
1 good; benefit; advantage (opp. 坏处)

喝茶好处多。
Hēchá hǎochu duō.
Drinking tea has many benefits

你每天做点户外运动会有好处。
Nǐ měitiān zuò diǎn hùwài yùndònghuì yǒu hǎochu.
Some outdoor exercises every day will do you good.

2 gain; profit

他从这里捞不到任何好处。
Tā cóng zhèlǐ lāo bù dào rènhé hǎochu.
He can gain nothing from this.

别上他的当！ 他给你这点儿好处是为了拉拢你。
Biéshang tā dídàng! Tā gěi nǐ zhèdiǎnrhǎochu shì wèile lālong nǐ.
Don’t fall into his trap. He’s given you this to win you over.

VARIANTS
益处〔益處〕 yìchu

Question 11

Probar algo (de sabor) To taste

Answer 11

尝〔嘗/嚐〕
cháng

VERB
1 taste; try the flavour of

来尝尝。
Lái chángcháng.
Have a taste.

2 experience

尝到甜头
chángdào tiántou
become aware of the benefits of; come to know the good of; experience the advantage of

ADVERB
LITERARY
ever; once

早年尝习英文
Zǎonián cháng xí Yīngwén
learnt English in one’s early years

他未尝认真想过这事。
tā wèi cháng rènzhēn xiǎng guò zhè shì.
He hasn’t given it serious thought.

Question 12

Ligero

Answer 12

轻〔輕〕
qīng

VERB
belittle; make light of
See 轻财重义

ADJECTIVE
1 of little weight; light (opp. 重)

身轻如燕
shēnqīngrúyàn
(of a high jumper, gymnast, etc.) as light as a swallow

油比水轻。
Yóu bǐ shuǐ qīng.
Oil is lighter than water.

2 (of load, equipment, etc.) small; simple
See 轻武器

3 small in number, degree, etc.

工作很轻
Gōngzuò hěn qīng
have a light workload

伤势较轻
shāngshì jiào qīng
have a slight injury

他年纪很轻。
Tā niánjì hěn qīng.
He is very young.

她的病很轻。
Tā de bìng hěn qīng.
Her illness is not at all serious.

她睡觉轻。
Tā shuìjiào qīng.
She is a light sleeper.

4 not serious; relaxing; light
See 轻音乐

5 not important

责任轻
Zérèn qīng
carry a light responsibility

关系不轻
guānxi bù qīng
have an important bearing on sth.

6 gentle; soft

轻轻地说
qīngqīng de shuō
speak in a soft voice; whisper

轻拿轻放。
Qīng ná qīng fàng.
Handle with care.

她轻轻地拍着孩子。
Tā qīngqīng de pāi zhe háizi.
She was gently patting the baby.

她走路脚步轻。
Tā zǒulù jiǎobù qīng.
She walks with a light step.

病人睡着了, 轻点儿！
Bìngrén shuìzháo le, qīng diǎnr!
Be quiet! The patient is asleep.

我只是轻轻推了他一下。
Wǒ zhǐshì qīngqīng tuī le tā yīxià.
I just gave him a light push.

7 rash
See 轻信

Question 13

Aspecto

Answer 13

方面
fāngmiàn
NOUN
respect; aspect; side; field

在这方面
zài zhè fāngmiàn
in this respect

站在我们这方面
zhàn zài wǒmen zhè fāngmiàn
stand on our side; take our side

考虑各方面的意见
kǎolǜ gè fāngmiàn de yìjian
consider opinions from different quarters

在工业, 商业, 财政方面
zài gōngyè, shāngyè, cáizhèng fāngmiàn
in the fields of industry, commerce and finance

这个问题可以从两方面来看。
Zhège wèntí kěyǐ cóng liǎng fāngmiàn lái kàn.
This subject may be viewed from two aspects.

See 一方面

Question 14

Vale la pena

Answer 14

值得
zhí//de (or zhí//dé)
VERB
worth; merit; deserve

值得买
Zhíde mǎi
worth buying

值得怀疑
zhíde huáiyí
open to doubt

值得赞许
zhíde zànxǔ
deserve commendation; praiseworthy

值得仔细考虑
zhíde zǐxì kǎolǜ
warrant careful consideration

不值得一提
Bù zhíde yī tí
not worth mentioning; unimportant

李贺的诗很值得一读
Lǐ hè de shī hěn zhíde yī dú.
Li He’s poems are well worth reading.

历史的经验值得注意。
Lìshǐ de jīngyàn zhíde zhùyì.
The lessons of history merit attention.

这个展览会很值得一看。
Zhège zhǎnlǎn huì hěn zhíde yī kàn.
The exhibition is well worth a visit.

这辆旧车不值得修了。
Zhè liàng jiù chē bù zhíde xiū le.
This old car isn’t worth repairing.

Question 15

Actividad, evento

Answer 15

活动〔-動〕
huódong (or huódòng)

NOUN
1 activity; manoeuvre

活动余地
huódong yúdì
room for manoeuvre; latitude

政治活动
zhèngzhì huódong
political activities

从事科学活动
cóngshì kēxué huódong
go in for scientific pursuits

2
PSYCHOLOGY
behaviour

VERB
1 act; move about; exercise

活动一下筋骨
huódong yīxià jīngǔ
limber up the joints; loosen up; warm up

站起来活动
Zhàn qǐlai huódong.
stand up and move about

2 be shaky; unsteady

口气有点儿活动
Kǒuqì yǒudiǎnrhuódong
sound less adamant; relent a little

椅子直活动。
yǐzi zhí huódong.
The chair is rickety.

这颗牙活动了。
Zhè kē yá huódong le.
This tooth is loose.

3 use personal influence or irregular means

替某人活动
Tì mǒurén huódong
put in a word for sb.; use one’s influence on sb.’s behalf

ADJECTIVE
movable; mobile; flexible

这样说话比较活动些。
zhèyàng shuōhuà bǐjiào huódong xiē.
This is a more flexible way to put it.

Question 16

Dentro, al interior de

Answer 16

内〔內〕
nèi
NOUN
1 inside; interior; inner part or side (opp. 外)

入内
Rù nèi
go inside; enter

内附照片。
Nèi fù zhàopiàn.
Photos enclosed.

请勿入内。
Qǐngwù rùnèi.
No admittance. or Keep out.

共十人, 儿童包括在内。
Gòng shí rén, értóng bāokuò zài nèi.
Altogether ten people, including children.

2 [before a noun or verb in forming a compound word] inner; internal

内屋
nèiwū
inner room

3
SELF-DEPRECATING
one’s wife or her relatives
See 内弟

4 [after a noun to indicate place, time, scope or limits] within; in; inside

墙内
qiáng nèi
within the walls

校内
Xiàonèi
in the school

本月内
běnyuè nèi
within the month

市内交通
shìnèi jiāotōng
urban traffic

最近几天内
zuìjìn jǐ tiān nèi
within the next few days; in a few days time

5 heart; mind

Question 17

Gratis

Answer 17

免费〔-費〕
miǎn//fèi
VERB
free of charge; free; gratis

免费生
miǎnfèishēng
tuition-exempt student

免费搬运
miǎnfèi bānyùn
free haul

免费乘车
miǎnfèi chéngchē
free travel

免费搭车
miǎnfèidāchē
hitch-hike

免费教育
miǎnfèi jiàoyù
free (or compulsory) education

免费午餐
miǎnfèi wǔcān
free lunch

免费医疗
Miǎnfèi yīliáo
free (or public) medical care

免费邮递
miǎnfèi yóudì
franking

免费保养服务
miǎnfèi bǎoyǎng fúwù
after(-sale) service

展览会免费参观。
zhǎnlǎnhuì miǎnfèi cānguān.
Admission to the exhibition is free.

Question 18

Reparar

Answer 18

修理
xiūlǐ
VERB
1 repair; mend; overhaul; fix

修理机器
xiūlǐ jīqì
repair (or fix) a machine

正在修理
zhèng zài xiūlǐ
be under repair

当场修理, 立等可取。
Dāngchǎng xiūlǐ, lìděngkěqǔ.
Repairs done while you wait.

修理地球
xiūlǐ dìqiú
HUMOROUS
cultivate the land; farming

2 prune; trim
3
DIALECT
punish

Question 19

Apoyar

Answer 19

支持
zhīchí
VERB
1 sustain; hold out; bear

他冻得支持不住了。
Tā dòng de zhīchí bù zhù le.
He was so cold he could hardly bear it.

2 support; back; stand by

支持被压迫人民的斗争
zhīchí bèi yāpò rénmín de dòuzhēng
support the struggle of oppressed peoples

给予坚决的支持
jǐyǔ jiānjué de zhīchí
give strong backing to

在国际上得到越来越广泛的支持
Zài guójì shàng dédào yuèláiyuè guǎngfàn de zhīchí
enjoy wider and wider international support

我完全支持这个建议。
Wǒ wánquán zhīchí zhège jiànyì.
I fully support this proposal.

Question 20

Organizar un evento o una ceremonia. Creo que ser casi el anfitrión del evento

Answer 20

举行〔舉-〕
jǔxíng
VERB
hold (a meeting, ceremony, etc.)

举行罢工
jǔxíng bàgōng
stage a strike

举行会谈
jǔxíng huìtán
hold talks

举行宴会
jǔxíng yànhuì
give (or host) a banquet

大会在人民大会堂举行。
Dàhuì zài Rénmín Dàhuìtáng jǔxíng.
The congress took place (or was held) in the Great Hall of the People.

你们几时举行婚礼？
Nǐmen jǐ shí jǔxíng hūnlǐ？
When is your wedding?

Question 21

Llenar, llegar al límite

Answer 21

满〔滿〕
mǎn

ADJECTIVE
1 full; filled; packed

满身是血
mǎn shēn shì xuè
covered with blood

满满一卡车煤
mǎnmǎn yī kǎchē méi
a full truckload of coal

满脑子封建思想
mǎn nǎozi fēngjiàn sīxiǎng
steeped in feudal ideology

果树满山坡。
Guǒshù mǎn shānpō.
The slope was covered with fruit trees.

欢声笑语满山村。
Huānshēngxiàoyǔ mǎn shāncūn.
The mountain village rang with cheers and laughter.

屋里坐满了人。
Wū lǐ zuò mǎn le rén.
The room was packed with people.

两个抽屉都满了。
liǎng ge chōuti dōu mǎn le.
Both drawers are full.

话不能说得太满, 太绝。
huà bùnéng shuōde tài mǎn, tài jué.
One shouldn’t speak in absolute terms, leaving no room for compromise.

2 satisfied

不满
bùmǎn
dissatisfied

3 complacent; conceited

自满
zìmǎn
complacent; self-satisfied

VERB
1 fill

再给你满上(一杯)。
Zài gěi nǐ mǎn shàng yī bēi.
Let me fill your glass once more.

2 expire; reach the limit

年满十八的公民
Nián mǎn shíbā de gōngmín
citizens who have reached the age of 18

假期已满。
Jiàqī yǐ mǎn.
The holidays are over.

她学徒还不满一年。
Tā xuétú hái bù mǎn yī nián.
It’s not quite a year since she became an apprentice.

ADVERB
1 completely; entirely; perfectly

满有信心
Mǎn yǒu xìnxīn
be fully confident

满不是那么回事。
Mǎn bù shì nàme huí shì.
That’s not what happened at all.

我满以为他会同意的。
Wǒ mǎn yǐwéi tā huì tóngyì de.
I had counted on him to agree.

2 quite; very

您说的满对。
Nín shuō de mǎn duì.
What you said is quite right.

这首歌满好听。
Zhè shǒu gē mǎn hǎotīng.
This song is very pleasing.

节目倒也满不错。
Jiémù dào yě mǎn bùcuò.
The performances were pretty good.

NOUN
(Mǎn)
1 Manchu ethnic group
See 满族

2 a surname

Question 22

Entre, al interior o en el medio de algo

Answer 22

其中
qízhōng
NOUN
among them; of them; in it

乐在其中
lèzàiqízhōng
find pleasure in it

我们车间有五百人, 其中妇女占百分之六十。
Wǒmen chējiān yǒu wǔbǎi rén, qízhōng fùnǚ zhàn bǎifēn zhī liùshí.
There are 500 workers in our shop, and 60 per cent of them are women.

饭疏食, 饮水, 曲肱而枕之, 乐亦在其中矣。(《论语》)
Fàn shū shí, yǐnshuǐ, qū gōng ér zhěn zhī, lè yì zài qízhōng yǐ. (《Lúnyǔ》)
It is in eating coarse rice and drinking water, and using one’s elbow for a pillow, that joy is to be found.

Question 23

novela, ficción

Answer 23

小说〔-說〕
xiǎoshuō
NOUN
novel; fiction

VARIANTS
小说儿〔小說兒〕 xiǎoshuōr

Question 24

Tarjeta de miembro de algun club

Answer 24

会员卡〔會員〕
huìyuán卡
NOUN
membership card

会员人数
huìyuán rénshù
membership

工会会员
gōnghuì huìyuán
member of a trade union

正式会员
zhèngshì huìyuán
full (or full-fledged) member

非正式会员
fēizhèngshì huìyuán
associate member

Question 25

Todo (adjetivo)

Answer 25

所有
suǒyǒu

NOUN
possessions

尽其所有
jìnqísuǒyǒu
give everything one has; give one’s all

VERB
own; possess

这些乐器属学校所有。
Zhèxiē yuèqì shǔ xuéxiào suǒyǒu.
These musical instruments belong to the school.

ADJECTIVE
all

把所有的劲儿都使出来
Bǎ suǒyǒu de jìnr dōu shǐ chūlai
exert all one’s strength

Question 26

Ganar, obtener, adquirir

Answer 26

获得〔獲-〕
huòdé
VERB
gain; obtain; acquire; win; achieve

获得独立
huòdé dúlì
gain independence

获得好评
huòdé hǎopíng
win acclaim; earn favourable comment

获得解放
huòdé jiěfàng
achieve emancipation; win liberation

获得知识
huòdé zhīshi
acquire knowledge

获得第一名
huòdé dì-yī míng
win first place; get a first; win a championship

获得巨大的成绩
huòdé jùdà de chéngjì
achieve great success

Question 27

Situaciòn, circunstancia

Answer 27

情况〔-況〕
qíngkuàng
NOUN
1 circumstances; situation; condition; state of affairs

在许多情况下
zài xǔduō qíngkuàng xià
in many cases

在这种情况下
zài zhèzhǒng qíngkuàng xià
under these circumstances; such being the case

根据具体情况
gēnjù jùtǐ qíngkuàng
in accordance with specific conditions

情况不明。
Qíngkuàngbùmíng.
The situation is not clear.

那得看情况而定。
Nà děi kàn qíngkuàng ér dìng.
That depends. or It all depends.

他们的情况怎么样？
Tāmen de qíngkuàng zěnmeyàng？
How do matters stand with them?

现在情况不同了。
Xiànzài qíngkuàng bùtóng le.
Now things are different.

这种情况必须改变。
Zhèzhǒng qíngkuàng bìxū gǎibiàn.
This state of affairs must change.

2 military situation

前线有什么情况？
Qiánxiàn yǒu shénme qíngkuàng？
How is the situation at the front?

前面有情况, 做好战斗准备。
Qiánmian yǒu qíngkuàng, zuòhǎo zhàndòu zhǔnbèi.
There’s enemy activity ahead. Prepare for combat.

Question 28

Por ejemplo

Answer 28

例如
lìrú
VERB
for instance; for example (e.g.); such as

田径运动的项目很多, 例如跳高, 跳远, 百米赛跑等。
Tiánjìng yùndòng de xiàngmù hěn duō, lìrú tiàogāo, tiàoyuǎn, bǎimǐ sàipǎo děng.
There are many track-and-field events, such as the high jump, the long jump, the 100-metre dash, etc.

Question 29

Dirigir o conducir un evento

Answer 29

举办〔舉辦〕
jǔbàn
VERB
conduct; hold; run

举办学习班
jǔbàn xuéxíbān
run a study class

举办训练班
jǔbàn xùnliànbān
conduct a training course

举办音乐会
jǔbàn yīnyuèhuì
give a concert

举办展览会
jǔbàn zhǎnlǎnhuì
hold (or put on) an exhibition

Question 30

Varios, diferentes

Answer 30

各
gè

PRONOUN
1 all; every

各机关
gè jīguān
all government offices

各民主党派
gè mínzhǔ dǎngpài
all democratic parties

各族人民
gèzú rénmín
people of all ethnic groups

全国各地
quánguó gèdì
all over the country

2 various; different

各方代表
gè fāng dàibiǎo
representatives of different fields

各式糕点
Gè shì gāodiǎn
various kinds of cakes and pastries

3 each; either

各不相同
gèbùxiāngtóng
have nothing in common with each other

各取所需
gèqǔsuǒxū
each takes what he needs

各人有各人的优点。
Gè rén yǒu gèrén de yōudiǎn.
Each has his merits.

ADVERB
variously; respectively

两侧各有一门。
Liǎngcè gè yǒu yī mén.
There’s a door on either side.

三种办法各有优点, 也各有缺点。
Sān zhǒng bànfǎ gè yǒu yōudiǎn, yě gè yǒu quēdiǎn.
Each of the three methods has its strong and weak points.

Question 31

Reducir

Answer 31

降低
jiàngdī
VERB
reduce; cut down; drop; lower; degrade

降低标准
jiàngdī biāozhǔn
reduce the rate

降低定额
jiàngdī dìng’é
reduce the quota (or norm)

降低半个音
Jiàngdī bàn ge yīn.
make the note a semitone lower

降低生产成本
jiàngdī shēngchǎn chéngběn
reduce production costs; lower production costs

降低原料消耗
jiàngdī yuánliào xiāohào
cut down the consumption of raw materials

气温降低了。
Qìwēn jiàngdī le.
The temperature dropped.

价格降低了, 但质量并未降低。
Jiàgé jiàngdī le, dàn zhìliàng bìng wèi jiàngdī.
The price is lower, but the quality is the same.

Question 32

Precio original

Answer 32

原价〔-價〕
yuánjià
NOUN
original price; prime cost

按原价打九折出售
Àn yuánjià dǎ jiǔzhé chūshòu
sell at 10% off; give a 10% discount on the marked price

Question 33

Aceptar o rechazar

Answer 33

去取
qùqǔ
to accept or reject

Question 34

Encontrarse (de repente)

Answer 34

遇到
yù//dào
VERB
run into; encounter; come across

遇到挫折
yùdào cuòzhé
meet with setbacks

遇到埋伏
yùdào máifú
run into an ambush

遇到意外
yùdào yìwài
have an accident

遇到倒霉事
yùdào dǎoméi shì
fall on evil days

遇到意外的问题
yùdào yìwài de wèntí
come across unforeseen problems

在路上遇到一个老同学
zài lùshang yùdào yī ge lǎo tóngxué
run into an old schoolmate on the way

Question 35

Honesto

Answer 35

诚实〔誠實〕
chéngshi (or chéngshí)
ADJECTIVE
honest

诚实可靠
chéngshi kěkào
honest and dependable

诚实劳动
chéngshi láodòng
honest work

Question 36

Cordial, modesto, polite

Answer 36

客气〔-氣〕
kèqi

ADJECTIVE
1 polite; courteous

客气话
kèqihuà
polite remarks; words of courtesy

2 modest

您太客气了。
Nín tài kèqi le.
You are being too modest. or You are too kind.

VERB
make polite remarks or act politely; be polite; be courteous

别客气。
bié kèqi.
[to a guest] Please don’t stand on ceremony. or Make yourself at home. [to the host] Please don’t bother.

双方客气了一番, 就开始谈正事。
Shuāngfāng kèqi le yī fān, jiù kāishǐ tán zhèngshì.
After some pleasantries, they got down to business.

Question 37

Maní

Answer 37

坚果〔堅-〕
jiānguǒ
NOUN
BOTANY
nut

坚果仁
jiānguǒ rén
nutmeat