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Earth Science > 7th Grade Science Final > Flashcards

7th Grade Science Final Flashcards

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1
Q

TF: A total solar eclipse is usually longer than a total lunar eclipse

A

False

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2
Q

TF: The back side and the dark side of the moon are the same

A

False

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3
Q

TF: A full moon always rises at sunset and sets at sunrise

A

True

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4
Q

TF: Moon origin theories are a direct reflection of the worldviews of the scientists who created them

A

True

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5
Q

TF: Prominences are loops of solar plasma that rise and fall from the sun’s surface

A

True

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6
Q

TF: Some rilles may be shrinkage cracks in the moon’s crust

A

True

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7
Q

TF: A solar flare is a glowing sheet of light above the earth’s North and South pole

A

False

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8
Q

TF: The defined lengths of time for the terms day, month, and year vary depending on the perspective from which they are viewed

A

True

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9
Q

TF: Earth tides are the changes of local ocean height one or more times a day at a given location

A

True

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10
Q

TF: The lunar seas contain the largest masses of frozen water anywhere in the solar system other than the earth

A

False

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11
Q

TF: The sun is located in the center of the Milky Way Galaxy

A

False

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12
Q

TF: The moon is more spherical than the earth

A

True

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13
Q

TF: Sunspots usually last no longer than several hours

A

True

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14
Q

TF: The process of nuclear fission within the sun releases an enormous amount of energy

A

False

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15
Q

TF: Earth is the 3rd planet from the sun

A

True

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16
Q

TF: Most meteors burn completely before reaching Earth’s surface

A

True

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17
Q

TF: Generally, the main difference between an asteroid and a meteoroid is their size-astronomers are able to see asteroids from the ground with a telescope

A

True

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18
Q

TF: A comet’s tail points away from the sun due to inertia as it swings around the sun in its orbit

A

False

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19
Q

TF: It is possible, but not likely, that earth could be struck by and asteroid

A

True

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20
Q

TF: Ceres is the largest asteroid

A

False

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21
Q

TF: Pluto’s orbit at times comes inside Jupiter’s orbit around the sun

A

False

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22
Q

TF: Most of Jupiter’s interior is probably made up of the gas Hydrogen

A

False

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23
Q

TF: An observer on Mars could possibly observe earth in a transit of the sun

A

True

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24
Q

TF: Biologists assume that water on other planets and moons is necessary for the appearance of life even though the they have been unable to explain how life began here on earth

A

True

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25
Q

TF: Jovian planets are sometimes called the “gas giants”

A

True

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26
Q

TF: A planet moves faster when it is at its perihelion than when it is at it’s aphelion

A

True

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27
Q

TF: Critics of the Copernican Theory were more concerned about the significance of moving humans from the center of the universe than about simply changing the arrangements of the solar system

A

True

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28
Q

This type of test requires a porcelain plate and is more reliable than the color test

A

Streak

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29
Q

____ is a naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid

A

Minerals

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30
Q

____ is the study of minerals

A

Mineralogy

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31
Q

____ is the breaking of a mineral into uneven pieces

A

Fracture

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32
Q

____ is the quality of light that is reflected

A

Luster

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33
Q

____ is the type of test that uses a Geiger counter

A

Radioactivity

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34
Q

____ are pure substances and are placed in families to be studied based on chemicals

A

Compound Minerals

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35
Q

Silver and copper are examples of ____

A

Metals

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36
Q

____ is the person who studies minerals

A

Mineralogist

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37
Q

____ is the test that uses the Moh’s scale placing diamonds at the top and talc at the bottom

A

Hardness

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38
Q

Many minerals have the same ____ making this test not reliable

A

Color

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39
Q

____ is the breaking of a mineral along a certain plane

A

Cleavage

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40
Q

____ are minerals that are made up of a kind of element: examples could include gold, silver, copper, and sulfur

A

Native Minerals

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41
Q

A diamond is an example of ____

A

Non-metals

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42
Q

This type of physical property can be microscopic or large enough to see

A

Crystal shape

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43
Q

____ is felsic lava without dissolved gas, glassy appearance, known as volcanic glass

A

Obsidian

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44
Q

____ is the scientist who studies rocks

A

Petrologist

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45
Q

____ have large mineral grains

A

Course grains

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46
Q

____ rock is made out of sediments

A

Sedimentary

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47
Q

____ is a type of sedimentary rock that has pebbles, sand grains, and clay particles

A

Clastic

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48
Q

____ rock was once another type of rock

A

Metamorphic

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49
Q

____ is a type of sedimentary rock that is formed by chemical precipitation

A

Non-Clastic

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50
Q

____ is felsic lava with dissolved gas, foams, and will float

A

Pumice

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51
Q

____ rock comes from volcanoes and contain silicate materials

A

Igneous

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52
Q

____ is basaltic lava, frothy and bubbly, and produces sharp edged sponge like rock

A

Scoria

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53
Q

____ is a solid material in the earth’s crust, is naturally combination of minerals or other materials

A

Rocks

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54
Q

In what phase of its cycle must the moon be for a total lunar eclipse to take place?

A

Full Moon

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55
Q

The vernal equinox occurs when?

A

March 20th

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56
Q

We call the 365 named days from January 1st to December 31st an ____ _____

A

Calendar Year

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57
Q

What do we call the lunar phase when the eastern half of the moon is lighted?

A

First Quarter

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58
Q

During the first half of the lunar month, the moon is said to be

A

Waxing

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59
Q

The apparent path that the sun follows through the stars as seen from Earth’s perspective is called

A

The Ecliptic

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60
Q

What theory states that the earth and moon both originally solidified from the same cloud of dust?

A

Accretion Theory

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61
Q

The moon has long narrow valleys called _____ located mainly in the level plains?

A

Rilles

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62
Q

Most lunar craters appear to have formed

A

At Creation

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63
Q

Compared to the earth, the average density of the moon is

A

Less Dense

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64
Q

The moons has a nearly perfect spherical shape because

A

God created it that way

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65
Q

Severe solar storms that can disrupt telecom on Earth are called

A

Solar Flares

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66
Q

What high-speed particles is the solar wind composed of?

A

Protons and Electrons

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67
Q

Compared to the temperature of a photo-sphere, the temperature of the corona is

A

Much higher

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68
Q

In what part of the sun are the thermonuclear reactions believed to occur?

A

Core

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69
Q

The sun’s surface exists in what state of matter?

A

Plasma

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70
Q

The sun is composed mostly of

A

Hydrogen

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71
Q

An astronomical unit is defined as the distance between the

A

Earth and Sun

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72
Q

The source of the matter that makes up the tail of a comet is

A

Its Nucleus

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73
Q

The asteroid belt lies between

A

Mars and Jupiter

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74
Q

Which part of the IAU definition of a planet did Pluto and the other dwarf planets not satisfy?

A

The satisfy none of the characteristics of a planet

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75
Q

Which planet has the largest known volcano in the solar system?

A

Mars

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76
Q

Which of the planets has rings?

A

Neptune and Uranus

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77
Q

The Jovian planets are distinct from the other planets in the solar system because

A

They are mostly composed of Gas

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78
Q

Which two terms describe Mars?

A

Superior and Terrestrial

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79
Q

Which planet is 1.00 AU from the sun?

A

Earth

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80
Q

The planet that is the brightest

A

Venus

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81
Q

When astronomers look for sign of life in the solar system, they look for

A

Liquid Water

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82
Q

The fastest revolving planet

A

Mercury

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83
Q

The goe-centric theory was useful because

A

It provided a workable model of the sky and the objects in it

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84
Q

What early assumptions of the Heliocentric theory caused it to not be accurate?

A

Planets move in circular orbits isn’t true

85
Q

____ is an oil

A

Petroleum

86
Q

____ is the study of fossils

A

Peleontology

87
Q

____ is a fossil fuel that includes lignite

A

Coal

88
Q

____ are any remains or traces of formally living organisms

A

Fossils

89
Q

____ include amber, ice, and asphalt

A

Fossil Traps

90
Q

____ fossils have no actual remains and the hard parts are dissolved into minerals

A

Petrified

91
Q

____ are formed from death and decay along with rapid burial

A

Fossils

92
Q

Paleontologists use the ____ system of classifcation

A

Linnaeus’

93
Q

____ includes methane

A

Natural Gas

94
Q

Most fossils are from ____ organisms

A

Marine

95
Q

The majority of fossils are found in ____ rock

A

Sedimentary

96
Q

Evolutionists are still looking for the _____ to show how evolution has occured

A

Transitional Form

97
Q

Scientists classify fossils using the genus and species of origin forming the _____

A

Scientific name

98
Q

____ are all deposits of sediment from glaciers

A

Glacial Drift

99
Q

____ are large masses of dense ice that flows under the influence of gravity

A

Glaciers

100
Q

____ can move from gravity alone, creep, slump, etc.

A

Mass wasting

101
Q

Features that flowing ____ can form are deltas and flood plains

A

Water

102
Q

____ Happens when some environmental factor breaks down soil

A

Weathering

103
Q

____ weathering breaks down rock through chemical changes

A

Chemical

104
Q

____ can advance or retreat forming cirques and fiords

A

Glaciers

105
Q

____ are ridges of till and can be terminal

A

Moraines

106
Q

____ is the most important factor that geologists deal with

A

Gravity

107
Q

Erosion and deposition have important ____, such as gravity, water, wavers, wind, and glaciers

A

Agents

108
Q

____ glaciers are high in the mountains

A

Valley

109
Q

____ glaciers cover a continent

A

Continental

110
Q

____ glaciers are found at the base of a mountain

A

Piedmont

111
Q

The factors that affect ____ weathering are frost wedging

A

Mechanical

112
Q

____ picks up and moves particles, wind and water are the main causes

A

Erosion

113
Q

____ is second only to water for soil removal

A

Wind

114
Q

The atmosphere was formed by

A

A direct act of God during Creation Week

115
Q

Who was called the Father of Chemistry

A

Antoine Lavoisier

116
Q

The most significant role of nitrogen in the atmosphere

A

To Dilute Oxygen

117
Q

The most abundant gas in the homosphere is

A

Nitrogen

118
Q

The largest carbon reservoir in the carbon cycle is found in

A

The Atmosphere

119
Q

____ helps to convert atmospheric nitrogen to a usable organic form

A

Lightening

120
Q

The gas called Ozone if composed of

A

Oxygen Atoms

121
Q

Nearly every year, a thin spot in the Ozone layer develops over

A

Antarctica

122
Q

____ atmospheric layer affect radio communications

A

Ionosphere

123
Q

____ is most effective protecting the earth from a solar flare

A

Magnetosphere

124
Q

Weather condition that results in the earth’s surface absorbing most of the heat

A

Clear and cold with low humidity

125
Q

The most concentrated form of solar energy at the earths surface occurs when

A

The rays come from straight overhead

126
Q

Example of Conduction

A

The earths surface warming the air directly above it

127
Q

The density currents that cause a mixing of the air are an example of

A

Convection

128
Q

Not directly affected by variations of oxygen levels in the atmosphere

A

Greenhouse warming of the earth

129
Q

Excessive exposure to UV rays can cause what in humans

A

Eye damage, skin cancer, and sunburn

130
Q

TF: Old Earth scientists believe that the early earth had no free oxygen in its atmosphere

A

True

131
Q

TF: The atmosphere is not clearly mentioned in Genesis

A

True

132
Q

TF: The percentage of gases in the homosphere remain relatively constant

A

True

133
Q

TF: since warm air rises, the troposphere is the only atmospheric layer to have winds

A

False

134
Q

TF: The troposphere is the only atmospheric layer to have winds

A

False

135
Q

TF: Ammonia is a compound that contains nitrogen

A

True

136
Q

TF:Auroras occur when charged particles escape from the ionosphere into the magnetosphere

A

False

137
Q

TF: most of the suns energy makes it to the earths surface

A

False

138
Q

TF: Infrared rays are a form of thermal radiation

A

True

139
Q

The scientific study of the atmosphere

A

Meteorology

140
Q

wind typically blows from areas of ____ to areas of ____

A

High pressure, low pressure

141
Q

The paths winds follow between cyclones and anticycles are not due to

A

temperature differences

142
Q

The global winds that drive most weather in the US

A

Prevailing westerlies

143
Q

Sea breezes are caused by

A

land absorbing the sun’s energy more rapidly than the water does

144
Q

water cannot enter the atmosphere by

A

condensation

145
Q

Prefix used when naming mid-altitude clouds

A

Alto

146
Q

Which type of cloud never produces rain

A

Cirrus

147
Q

Which word is not associated with cirrus clouds

A

Supercooled Water

148
Q

In what type of clouds does hail usually form?

A

Cumulonimbus

149
Q

What is not a form of precipitation

A

Dew

150
Q

Natural, unpolluted rainwater is

A

Acidic

151
Q

TF: A northeast wind is one that blows towards the northeast

A

False

152
Q

TF: The higher the temp of the air, the more moisture it can hold

A

True

153
Q

TF: The Coriolis Effect increases as latitude increases

A

True

154
Q

TF: The horse latitudes exist only in the Northern Hemisphere

A

False

155
Q

TF: Some butterflies have migrated from Canada to Mexico

A

True

156
Q

TF: Nimbus-type clouds often bring rain

A

False

157
Q

The weather in an area stays virtually the same for an entire week. What kind of front exists between the nearby air masses?

A

Stationary

158
Q

The rain shadow effect on one side of a mountain range is caused by

A

Orographic lifting

159
Q

Winds flowing from different directions that come together forcing air masses up is called

A

Convergence

160
Q

A Hook appearance on Doppler radar image of a severe storm is often the sign of a

A

Tornado

161
Q

A winter storm system that brings snow in from the Atlantic Ocean

A

Nor’easter

162
Q

Not associated with a cumulonimbus cloud

A

Hurricanes

163
Q

If there are 3 seconds between the lightning flash and the sound of thunder, how far did the sound travel?

A

1 km

164
Q

Which kind of violent storm has the greatest wind speed?

A

Tornado

165
Q

Not associated with tornadoes

A

Saffir-Simpson scale

166
Q

Names are assigned to which storms

A

Tropical cyclones and storms

167
Q

What effects the path of a hurricane

A

Jet stream, pressure systems, and trade winds

168
Q

TF: Air masses usually originate in windy locations, allowing them to move into other regions

A

false

169
Q

TF: Air masses of differing temps and humidities often mix

A

False

170
Q

TF: most interactions among air masses cause precipitation

A

True

171
Q

TF: Thunderstorms develop only in the summer when the air is moist and wet

A

False

172
Q

TF: Tornadoes are more common and powerful in the USA than any other country

A

True

173
Q

TF: It is extremely low pressure inside a tornadoes funnel that can cause buildings to explode

A

False

174
Q

TF: Hurricanes never form over land

A

True

175
Q

TF: In the western pacific, hurricanes are called typhoons

A

True

176
Q

TF: Pressure in the eye of a hurricane is lower than in the outer parts of the hurricane

A

True

177
Q

TF: A hurricane’s storm swell causes storm surge

A

False

178
Q

TF: The National Weather Service releases a set of four synoptic maps daily

A

True

179
Q

TF: The VEI scale is a measure of the volume of rock discharged during an eruption

A

False

180
Q

TF: Cinder cones can be produced in just one short eruption

A

True

181
Q

TF: A pyroclastic flow of “glowing avalanche” contains both gases and hot solid particles

A

True

182
Q

TF: Basalt is a dark form of lava that has low viscosity and is molten at high temps

A

True

183
Q

TF: The magma that eventually erupts from a volcano as lava first collects within a vent deep underground

A

False

184
Q

Geothermal power plants

A

Cost less to operate than most other kinds of power plants

185
Q

A spring that periodically ejects large quantities of hot water and steam is known as a

A

Geyser

186
Q

A hydrothermal circuit is best seen in

A

The eruption of a geyser

187
Q

The geothermal gradient is highest in the

A

Lithosphere

188
Q

Batholiths and laccoliths are both types of

A

Plutons

189
Q

Vertical is to dike as horizontal is to

A

Sill

190
Q

The largest volcanic eruptions in history were similar to

A

Eruption that formed Yellowstone Caldera

191
Q

The VEI of a volcano’s eruption is based on

A

The amount of tephra produced, the height of the eruption cloud, and estimate of the explosion

192
Q

from a young earth geology perspective, what kinds of volcanoes meet the USGS definition for an active volcano?

A

Active, dormant, and extinct volcanoes

193
Q

What volcano is located in Washington?

A

Mt. Saint Helens

194
Q

Not a term relating to activity levels of volcanoes?

A

Inert

195
Q

Structure type most common in volcanoes

A

Stratovolcano

196
Q

Flood basalts or basalt traps are

A

widespread, thick layers of lava covering millions of square miles

197
Q

A volcanic crater is most clearly indicated on a topographic contour map by

A

Hatched circular contour lines

198
Q

Organisms that are the 1st step of the food chain around black smokers deep within the ocean

A

Bacteria

199
Q

Where do most volcanoes occur in the Pacific oceanic plate?

A

At the plate’s edge

200
Q

most active volcanoes exist near

A

convergent tectonic plates boundaries

201
Q

Smallest to largest items that come out of a volcano

A

Ash-Cinder-Bomb

202
Q

A mudslide caused by a volcano is called a

A

Lahar

203
Q

A rapid downhill movement of hot, solid, volcanic particles suspended in steam is a

A

Pyroclastic flow

204
Q

The viscosity of lava depends mainly on its

A

Silica content

205
Q

Looking at a volcano from a distance, the most recognizable feature is its

A

Cone

206
Q

A volcano begins to form when magma forces its way to the surface and breaks through forming a

A

vent

207
Q

The term volcano originally came from the name for

A

A Roman god

208
Q

Volcanoes are made of _____ rocks

A

Igneous

Earth Science (37 decks)

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