7th Grade Science Final Flashcards
TF: A total solar eclipse is usually longer than a total lunar eclipse
False
TF: The back side and the dark side of the moon are the same
False
TF: A full moon always rises at sunset and sets at sunrise
True
TF: Moon origin theories are a direct reflection of the worldviews of the scientists who created them
True
TF: Prominences are loops of solar plasma that rise and fall from the sun’s surface
True
TF: Some rilles may be shrinkage cracks in the moon’s crust
True
TF: A solar flare is a glowing sheet of light above the earth’s North and South pole
False
TF: The defined lengths of time for the terms day, month, and year vary depending on the perspective from which they are viewed
True
TF: Earth tides are the changes of local ocean height one or more times a day at a given location
True
TF: The lunar seas contain the largest masses of frozen water anywhere in the solar system other than the earth
False
TF: The sun is located in the center of the Milky Way Galaxy
False
TF: The moon is more spherical than the earth
True
TF: Sunspots usually last no longer than several hours
True
TF: The process of nuclear fission within the sun releases an enormous amount of energy
False
TF: Earth is the 3rd planet from the sun
True
TF: Most meteors burn completely before reaching Earth’s surface
True
TF: Generally, the main difference between an asteroid and a meteoroid is their size-astronomers are able to see asteroids from the ground with a telescope
True
TF: A comet’s tail points away from the sun due to inertia as it swings around the sun in its orbit
False
TF: It is possible, but not likely, that earth could be struck by and asteroid
True
TF: Ceres is the largest asteroid
False
TF: Pluto’s orbit at times comes inside Jupiter’s orbit around the sun
False
TF: Most of Jupiter’s interior is probably made up of the gas Hydrogen
False
TF: An observer on Mars could possibly observe earth in a transit of the sun
True
TF: Biologists assume that water on other planets and moons is necessary for the appearance of life even though the they have been unable to explain how life began here on earth
True
TF: Jovian planets are sometimes called the “gas giants”
True
TF: A planet moves faster when it is at its perihelion than when it is at it’s aphelion
True
TF: Critics of the Copernican Theory were more concerned about the significance of moving humans from the center of the universe than about simply changing the arrangements of the solar system
True
This type of test requires a porcelain plate and is more reliable than the color test
Streak
____ is a naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid
Minerals
____ is the study of minerals
Mineralogy
____ is the breaking of a mineral into uneven pieces
Fracture
____ is the quality of light that is reflected
Luster
____ is the type of test that uses a Geiger counter
Radioactivity
____ are pure substances and are placed in families to be studied based on chemicals
Compound Minerals
Silver and copper are examples of ____
Metals
____ is the person who studies minerals
Mineralogist
____ is the test that uses the Moh’s scale placing diamonds at the top and talc at the bottom
Hardness
Many minerals have the same ____ making this test not reliable
Color
____ is the breaking of a mineral along a certain plane
Cleavage
____ are minerals that are made up of a kind of element: examples could include gold, silver, copper, and sulfur
Native Minerals
A diamond is an example of ____
Non-metals
This type of physical property can be microscopic or large enough to see
Crystal shape
____ is felsic lava without dissolved gas, glassy appearance, known as volcanic glass
Obsidian
____ is the scientist who studies rocks
Petrologist
____ have large mineral grains
Course grains
____ rock is made out of sediments
Sedimentary
____ is a type of sedimentary rock that has pebbles, sand grains, and clay particles
Clastic
____ rock was once another type of rock
Metamorphic
____ is a type of sedimentary rock that is formed by chemical precipitation
Non-Clastic
____ is felsic lava with dissolved gas, foams, and will float
Pumice
____ rock comes from volcanoes and contain silicate materials
Igneous
____ is basaltic lava, frothy and bubbly, and produces sharp edged sponge like rock
Scoria
____ is a solid material in the earth’s crust, is naturally combination of minerals or other materials
Rocks
In what phase of its cycle must the moon be for a total lunar eclipse to take place?
Full Moon
The vernal equinox occurs when?
March 20th
We call the 365 named days from January 1st to December 31st an ____ _____
Calendar Year
What do we call the lunar phase when the eastern half of the moon is lighted?
First Quarter
During the first half of the lunar month, the moon is said to be
Waxing
The apparent path that the sun follows through the stars as seen from Earth’s perspective is called
The Ecliptic
What theory states that the earth and moon both originally solidified from the same cloud of dust?
Accretion Theory
The moon has long narrow valleys called _____ located mainly in the level plains?
Rilles
Most lunar craters appear to have formed
At Creation
Compared to the earth, the average density of the moon is
Less Dense
The moons has a nearly perfect spherical shape because
God created it that way
Severe solar storms that can disrupt telecom on Earth are called
Solar Flares
What high-speed particles is the solar wind composed of?
Protons and Electrons
Compared to the temperature of a photo-sphere, the temperature of the corona is
Much higher
In what part of the sun are the thermonuclear reactions believed to occur?
Core
The sun’s surface exists in what state of matter?
Plasma
The sun is composed mostly of
Hydrogen
An astronomical unit is defined as the distance between the
Earth and Sun
The source of the matter that makes up the tail of a comet is
Its Nucleus
The asteroid belt lies between
Mars and Jupiter
Which part of the IAU definition of a planet did Pluto and the other dwarf planets not satisfy?
The satisfy none of the characteristics of a planet
Which planet has the largest known volcano in the solar system?
Mars
Which of the planets has rings?
Neptune and Uranus
The Jovian planets are distinct from the other planets in the solar system because
They are mostly composed of Gas
Which two terms describe Mars?
Superior and Terrestrial
Which planet is 1.00 AU from the sun?
Earth
The planet that is the brightest
Venus
When astronomers look for sign of life in the solar system, they look for
Liquid Water
The fastest revolving planet
Mercury
The goe-centric theory was useful because
It provided a workable model of the sky and the objects in it
What early assumptions of the Heliocentric theory caused it to not be accurate?
Planets move in circular orbits isn’t true
____ is an oil
Petroleum
____ is the study of fossils
Peleontology
____ is a fossil fuel that includes lignite
Coal
____ are any remains or traces of formally living organisms
Fossils
____ include amber, ice, and asphalt
Fossil Traps
____ fossils have no actual remains and the hard parts are dissolved into minerals
Petrified
____ are formed from death and decay along with rapid burial
Fossils
Paleontologists use the ____ system of classifcation
Linnaeus’
____ includes methane
Natural Gas
Most fossils are from ____ organisms
Marine
The majority of fossils are found in ____ rock
Sedimentary
Evolutionists are still looking for the _____ to show how evolution has occured
Transitional Form
Scientists classify fossils using the genus and species of origin forming the _____
Scientific name
____ are all deposits of sediment from glaciers
Glacial Drift
____ are large masses of dense ice that flows under the influence of gravity
Glaciers
____ can move from gravity alone, creep, slump, etc.
Mass wasting
Features that flowing ____ can form are deltas and flood plains
Water
____ Happens when some environmental factor breaks down soil
Weathering
____ weathering breaks down rock through chemical changes
Chemical
____ can advance or retreat forming cirques and fiords
Glaciers
____ are ridges of till and can be terminal
Moraines
____ is the most important factor that geologists deal with
Gravity
Erosion and deposition have important ____, such as gravity, water, wavers, wind, and glaciers
Agents
____ glaciers are high in the mountains
Valley
____ glaciers cover a continent
Continental
____ glaciers are found at the base of a mountain
Piedmont
The factors that affect ____ weathering are frost wedging
Mechanical
____ picks up and moves particles, wind and water are the main causes
Erosion
____ is second only to water for soil removal
Wind
The atmosphere was formed by
A direct act of God during Creation Week
Who was called the Father of Chemistry
Antoine Lavoisier
The most significant role of nitrogen in the atmosphere
To Dilute Oxygen
The most abundant gas in the homosphere is
Nitrogen
The largest carbon reservoir in the carbon cycle is found in
The Atmosphere
____ helps to convert atmospheric nitrogen to a usable organic form
Lightening
The gas called Ozone if composed of
Oxygen Atoms
Nearly every year, a thin spot in the Ozone layer develops over
Antarctica
____ atmospheric layer affect radio communications
Ionosphere
____ is most effective protecting the earth from a solar flare
Magnetosphere
Weather condition that results in the earth’s surface absorbing most of the heat
Clear and cold with low humidity
The most concentrated form of solar energy at the earths surface occurs when
The rays come from straight overhead
Example of Conduction
The earths surface warming the air directly above it
The density currents that cause a mixing of the air are an example of
Convection
Not directly affected by variations of oxygen levels in the atmosphere
Greenhouse warming of the earth
Excessive exposure to UV rays can cause what in humans
Eye damage, skin cancer, and sunburn
TF: Old Earth scientists believe that the early earth had no free oxygen in its atmosphere
True
TF: The atmosphere is not clearly mentioned in Genesis
True
TF: The percentage of gases in the homosphere remain relatively constant
True
TF: since warm air rises, the troposphere is the only atmospheric layer to have winds
False
TF: The troposphere is the only atmospheric layer to have winds
False
TF: Ammonia is a compound that contains nitrogen
True
TF:Auroras occur when charged particles escape from the ionosphere into the magnetosphere
False
TF: most of the suns energy makes it to the earths surface
False
TF: Infrared rays are a form of thermal radiation
True
The scientific study of the atmosphere
Meteorology
wind typically blows from areas of ____ to areas of ____
High pressure, low pressure
The paths winds follow between cyclones and anticycles are not due to
temperature differences
The global winds that drive most weather in the US
Prevailing westerlies
Sea breezes are caused by
land absorbing the sun’s energy more rapidly than the water does
water cannot enter the atmosphere by
condensation
Prefix used when naming mid-altitude clouds
Alto
Which type of cloud never produces rain
Cirrus
Which word is not associated with cirrus clouds
Supercooled Water
In what type of clouds does hail usually form?
Cumulonimbus
What is not a form of precipitation
Dew
Natural, unpolluted rainwater is
Acidic
TF: A northeast wind is one that blows towards the northeast
False
TF: The higher the temp of the air, the more moisture it can hold
True
TF: The Coriolis Effect increases as latitude increases
True
TF: The horse latitudes exist only in the Northern Hemisphere
False
TF: Some butterflies have migrated from Canada to Mexico
True
TF: Nimbus-type clouds often bring rain
False
The weather in an area stays virtually the same for an entire week. What kind of front exists between the nearby air masses?
Stationary
The rain shadow effect on one side of a mountain range is caused by
Orographic lifting
Winds flowing from different directions that come together forcing air masses up is called
Convergence
A Hook appearance on Doppler radar image of a severe storm is often the sign of a
Tornado
A winter storm system that brings snow in from the Atlantic Ocean
Nor’easter
Not associated with a cumulonimbus cloud
Hurricanes
If there are 3 seconds between the lightning flash and the sound of thunder, how far did the sound travel?
1 km
Which kind of violent storm has the greatest wind speed?
Tornado
Not associated with tornadoes
Saffir-Simpson scale
Names are assigned to which storms
Tropical cyclones and storms
What effects the path of a hurricane
Jet stream, pressure systems, and trade winds
TF: Air masses usually originate in windy locations, allowing them to move into other regions
false
TF: Air masses of differing temps and humidities often mix
False
TF: most interactions among air masses cause precipitation
True
TF: Thunderstorms develop only in the summer when the air is moist and wet
False
TF: Tornadoes are more common and powerful in the USA than any other country
True
TF: It is extremely low pressure inside a tornadoes funnel that can cause buildings to explode
False
TF: Hurricanes never form over land
True
TF: In the western pacific, hurricanes are called typhoons
True
TF: Pressure in the eye of a hurricane is lower than in the outer parts of the hurricane
True
TF: A hurricane’s storm swell causes storm surge
False
TF: The National Weather Service releases a set of four synoptic maps daily
True
TF: The VEI scale is a measure of the volume of rock discharged during an eruption
False
TF: Cinder cones can be produced in just one short eruption
True
TF: A pyroclastic flow of “glowing avalanche” contains both gases and hot solid particles
True
TF: Basalt is a dark form of lava that has low viscosity and is molten at high temps
True
TF: The magma that eventually erupts from a volcano as lava first collects within a vent deep underground
False
Geothermal power plants
Cost less to operate than most other kinds of power plants
A spring that periodically ejects large quantities of hot water and steam is known as a
Geyser
A hydrothermal circuit is best seen in
The eruption of a geyser
The geothermal gradient is highest in the
Lithosphere
Batholiths and laccoliths are both types of
Plutons
Vertical is to dike as horizontal is to
Sill
The largest volcanic eruptions in history were similar to
Eruption that formed Yellowstone Caldera
The VEI of a volcano’s eruption is based on
The amount of tephra produced, the height of the eruption cloud, and estimate of the explosion
from a young earth geology perspective, what kinds of volcanoes meet the USGS definition for an active volcano?
Active, dormant, and extinct volcanoes
What volcano is located in Washington?
Mt. Saint Helens
Not a term relating to activity levels of volcanoes?
Inert
Structure type most common in volcanoes
Stratovolcano
Flood basalts or basalt traps are
widespread, thick layers of lava covering millions of square miles
A volcanic crater is most clearly indicated on a topographic contour map by
Hatched circular contour lines
Organisms that are the 1st step of the food chain around black smokers deep within the ocean
Bacteria
Where do most volcanoes occur in the Pacific oceanic plate?
At the plate’s edge
most active volcanoes exist near
convergent tectonic plates boundaries
Smallest to largest items that come out of a volcano
Ash-Cinder-Bomb
A mudslide caused by a volcano is called a
Lahar
A rapid downhill movement of hot, solid, volcanic particles suspended in steam is a
Pyroclastic flow
The viscosity of lava depends mainly on its
Silica content
Looking at a volcano from a distance, the most recognizable feature is its
Cone
A volcano begins to form when magma forces its way to the surface and breaks through forming a
vent
The term volcano originally came from the name for
A Roman god
Volcanoes are made of _____ rocks
Igneous
