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Virology > 6+7: DNA and RNA multiplication > Flashcards

6+7: DNA and RNA multiplication Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of Eclipse:

A
  • Early transcription, translateion: enzymes
  • Replication: nucleid acid multiplication
  • Late transcription, translation: structural proteins
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2
Q

Classification of viral families:

A 
- Baltimore system
I. dsDNA
II. ssDNA
III. dsRNa
IV. +ssRNA
V. -ssRNA
VI. viruses using transcriptase
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3
Q

Properties of virus multiplication:

A

Use of cellular enzymes, ribosomes, nucleotides, amino acids and energy

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4
Q

Properties of virus multiplication of DNA virus:

A

the NA is similar to the cellular genetic material

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5
Q

Properties of virus multiplication of RNA virus:

A

RNA does not store information –> needs special enzyme for replication.

  • RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)
  • coded by the virus, sometimes carried in the virion
  • mutations during replication
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6
Q

Coding system of Cell and Virus:

A

Cell: monocistronic –> separate mRNAs for the proteins
Virus: lack of space - can be polycistronic

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7
Q

Name some Double stranded DNA viruses:

A

Papilloma-, Polyoma-, Adeno-, Herpes-, Pox-, Asfarviridae

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8
Q

What happens during Early Transcription in dsDNA viruses?

A
  • the viral DNA enters into the nucleus
  • cellular transcriptase: –> mRNA

Except: Pox-, Asfarviridae

  • own viral transcriptase
  • multiplication in the cytoplasm
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9
Q

What happens during Early Translation in dsDNA viruses?

A
  • on the surface of the ribosomes - cellular translation.

- non-structural protein synthesis

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10
Q

What happens during Replication in dsDNA viruses?

A
  • Viral replicase (better than the cellular, production in abundant amount)
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11
Q

What happens during Late Transcription, Translation in dsDNA viruses?

A
  • The progeny DNAs serve as template

- high amounts of structural protein synthesis

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12
Q

Name som Single stranded DNA viruses:

A

Parvo-, Circoviridae (circular genome)

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13
Q

What happens during Transcription of ssDNA viruses?

A

mRNA synthesis fro the coding tread

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14
Q

What happens during Translation of ssDNA viruses?

A
  • cellular translation

- polycistronic mRNA = enzymatic cleavage

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15
Q

What happens during Replication of ssDNA viruses?

A
  • small genome: no own polymerase
  • Cellular polymerase copies the dsDNA
  • eventually one tread is removed
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16
Q

What is special about Autonomous Parvoviruses, Circoviridae?

A
  • multiplication only in S-phase (dividing) cells

- pathology = enterocyte, embryo, bone marrow cells etc.

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17
Q

What is special about Dependovirus?

A

use the replicase of adeno- or herpesviruses

18
Q

Name some dsRNA viruses?

A

Reo-, Birnaviridae

19
Q

What is special about Reo- and Birnaviridae?

A

dsRNA

  • segmented genome (Reo-10:12; Birna-2)
  • Alien NA for the cell: intensive interferon response, partial decapsidation
20
Q

What happens during Transcription of dsRNA viruses?

A
  • the dsRNa is not readable for the ribosomes

- viral RdRp - structural: transcription mode = mRNA synthesis

21
Q

What happens during Translation of dsRNA viruses?

A
  • monocistronic coding: segment - proteins
22
Q

What happens during Replication of dsRNA viruses?

A
  • the mRNA enters into the inner capsid

- viral RdRp in replicase mode: the mRNA is supplemented with a negative thread

23
Q

What happens during Late Transcription, Translation of dsRNA viruses?

A

assembly of progeny virions

24
Q

Name some +ssRNA viruses?

A

Picorna-, Calici-, Toga-, Flavi-, Corona-, Arteri-, Astroviridae

25
Q

What happens during Transcription of +ssRNA?

A
  • genomic RNA - mRNA
  • 5´ methyl capped, 3´ polyadenylated
  • directly attaches to the ribosomes
26
Q

What happens during Translation of +ssRNA?

A

Two different: Plycistronic mRNA and monocistronic mRNA

27
Q

What happens during Translation of +ssRNA in Polycistronic mRNA?

A

picornaviruses, flaviviruses

  • precursor polypeptide
  • protease cleavage
  • equimolar protein production
28
Q

What happens during Translation of +ssRNA in Monocistronic mRNA?

A

subgenomic mRNA synhtesis
Nidovirales, Calci-, Togaviridae
- for structural protein production
- more accurate synthesis control

29
Q

What happens during Replication of +ssRNA?

A
  • viral replicase (RdRp, non-structural)
  • replicative intermediate forms (RI): dsRNA, -ssRNA
  • the -ssRNA is template for the progeny +ssRNA genome
  • translation from the progeny RNA
  • finally the + threads incorporate into the progeny virions
30
Q

Name some -ssRNA viruses:

A

Orthomyxo-, Paramyxo-, Borna-, Filo-, Thabdo-, Arena-, Bunyaviridae

31
Q

What happens during Transcription of -ssRNA?

A
  • negative sense RNA (3´–>5´)
  • not readable for the ribosomes –> viral RdRp- structural
  • transcription mode: complementary (+) thread synthesis –> mRNA
  • Arenaviridae, vertain Bunyaviruses: Ambisense genome
32
Q

What happens during Translation of -ssRNA?

A

monocistronic

  • Orthomyxo-, Arena-, Bunyav: segmented
  • Mononegavirales: short mRNAs
33
Q

What happens during Replication of -ssRNA?

A 
the RdRp in replication mode: 
- dsRNA (RI) in the nucleocapsid
- full length +ssRNA synthesis
- -ssRNA synthesis
finally the negative threads stay in the progeny virions
34
Q

Name some viruses using reverse transcriptase: RNA/DNA

A

Retroviridae

35
Q

What happens during Transcription of Viruses using reverse transcriptase: RNA/DNA?

A

Genome - mRNA, but:
- reverse transcriptase (structural)
- transcribes to dsDNA
The viral dsDNA integrates into the cellular genome:
- provirus
- cell division - virus genome copying
Transcription:
- cellular transcriptase: mRNA production
- long terminal repeat (LRT) regions: intensive promoter, frequent transcription

36
Q

What happens during Translation of Viruses using reverse transcriptase: RNA/DNA?

A

polycistronic mRNA - protease cleavage

37
Q

What happens during Replication of Viruses using reverse transcriptase: RNA/DNA?

A

= transcription!

- the mRNA will finally serve as the genome of the progeny viruses

38
Q

What are Hepadnaviridae?

A

ss/ds DNA (circular)

39
Q

What happens during Transcription of Hepadnaviridae?

A
  • repair of the grapped genome: viral polymerase
  • cellular transcriptase: mRNA production
  • -> short transcripts - proteins
40
Q

What happens during Translation of Hepadnaviridae?

A

monocistronic mRNAs

41
Q

What happens during Replication of Hepadnaviridae?

A
  • full length transcripts of “mRNA” (cellular enzyme)
  • maturation: viral reverse transcriptase produces complementary DNA thread
  • circularization, partly completed to dsDNA
42
Q

What are the importance of eclipse strategies?

A
  • consequences on pathogenesis, epidemiology
  • detection of replicative intermediate forms - active virus mulitplication
  • in vitro protein expression studies
  • Anti-viral drug development.: inhibition of virus-specific enzymes ( like HIV!)

Virology (25 decks)

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