7.4 Study Guide Flashcards
What is the order of the stages in cellular respiration?
- Glycolysis
- Link Reaction
- Krebs Cycle
- Electron Transport Chain and ATP Synthase
What are the inputs and outputs of each stage of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis: Inputs: Glucose, 2x ADP, and 2x NAD+. Outputs: 2x pyruvate, 2x ATP, and 2x NADH.
The Link Reaction: Inputs: 2x Pyruvate, 2x CoA, and 2x NAD+. Outputs: 2x Acetyl CoA, 2x CO2, and 2x NADH.
Krebs Cycle: Inputs: 2x Acetyl CoA, 6x NAD+, 2x ADP, and 2x FAD. Outputs: 4x CO2, 6x NADH, 2x ATP, and 2x FADH2.
ETC: Inputs: NADH and FADH2 release electrons into the ETC, which slowly releases energy and pumps Hydrogen ions across the membrane to the intermembrane. Outputs: H2O from Oxygen and hydrogen ions in the matrix bonding with the electrons from the ETC. ATP produced from ATP synthase. For each glucose molecule, the ETC produces around 30-34 ATP molecules.
Where does each stage of cellular respiration take place?
Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm. The Link Reaction and the Krebs Cycle both occur in the mitochondria. The ETC is located in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
What is the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration?
C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O+ ATP (34-38)
Compare and contrast what happens in your cells to generate ATP when you have oxygen vs. no oxygen.
Aerobic (With Oxygen): Cellular Respiration occurs to produce ATP. The four stages: Glycolysis, The Link Reaction, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain. ATP Synthase in the ETC produces the majority of the ATP. The ETC uses the electrons from NADH and FADH2 so they can be converted back to NAD+ and FAD and glycolysis can continue.
Anaerobic: (Without Oxygen): Glycolysis occurs, which leads to fermentation (either Alcoholic or Lactic Acid). In Alcoholic Fermentation, pyruvate is converted into ethanol and CO2. In Lactic Acid Fermentation, pyruvate is converted into lactic acid. During both of these processes, NADH is converted back into NAD+. However, glycolysis is the only process that produces ATP.
