6.2 Study Guide Flashcards
What are the monomer names and examples of each group of biomolecules?
Proteins: Amino acids are the monomers. Examples of proteins: Enzymes, hormones, antibodies, structural proteins, actin, glucagen receptor, and amylase.
Nucleic Acids: Nucleotides are the monomers. Examples of Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA
Carbohydrates:
Monosaccharides are the monomers. Examples of carbohydrates: Sugars, starches, glycogen, and cellulose
Lipids: Fatty acids are the monomers. Examples of lipids: Triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol.
What are the polymer names and examples of each group of biomolecules?
Proteins: Polypeptides are the polymers. Examples of proteins:Enzymes, hormones, antibodies, structural proteins, actin, glucagen receptor, and amylase.
Nucleic Acids: Nucleic Acid. Examples: DNA and RNA
Carbohydrates: Polysaccharides are the polymers. Examples: Sugars, starches, glycogen, and cellulose
Lipids: Triglycerides and phospholipids (not true polymers) Examples: Triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol.
What are the functions of each group of biomolecule?
Proteins: Enzymes catalyze the important chemical reactions that occur in our cells. Hormones are messengers that help switch cell processes on and off. Antibodies recognize and attack foreign cells and viruses. Structural proteins give cells their shape and allow the cell to change shape/move while others hold tissues together.
Nucleic Acids: DNA carries the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of organisms by coding for proteins. RNA assists in protein synthesis.
Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides, like glucose, are single sugar molecules that serve as a primary source of energy for cells. Disaccharides or polysaccharides, like starches and glycogen can store the sugar until they are needed. Collulose, a polysaccharide, makes up the cell walls of plants.
Lipids: Triglycerides serve as a long-term energy storage molecule and act as insulation and protection for organs. Phospholipids and cholesterol form the structural component of cell membranes, and cholesterol can be used to produce steroids, which serve as a type of molecular messenger for the body.
Which elements are found in which monomers?
Amino Acids: Carbon, hydrogen oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
Nucleotides: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
Monosaccharides: Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Fatty Acids: Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Which functional groups are found in which monomers?
Monosaccharides: Hydroxyl
Fatty Acids: Carbonyl, hydroxyl, and methyl
Amino Acids: Amino and carboxyl
Nucleotides: Carbonyl, hydroxyl, amino, and phosphate
Examples of each type of biomolecule:
Proteins: Enzymes, Antibodies, Structural Proteins, Hormones, Actin, Glucagen Receptors, and Amylase.
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA
Carbohydrates: Simple sugars, starches, glycogen
Lipids: Fats, oils, waxes, cholesterol
Compare and contrast the structure of biomolecule groups.
Carbohydrates and nucleotides have a ring shape. Lipids have a linear shape, with the monomers forming straight chains. Proteins have a branched shape. The bonds between the atoms within the monomers have a branch-like formation.
Compare and contrast the function of biomolecule groups.
Carbohydrates are a primary source of energy and store short term energy. Lipids serve as long-term energy storage. Proteins catalyze the important chemical reactions in our cells, are messengers that help switch all processes on and off, and recognize and attack foreign cells and viruses. Nucleic acids carry the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of organisms by coding for proteins and aiding in protein synthesis.
