7.3 Study Guide Flashcards
What is metabolism?
Metabolism is the chemical reactions in the body’s cells that change food into energy.
What are anabolic reactions?
An anabolic reaction is one where larger molecules are made out of smaller ones. Ex: synthesis reactions
What are catabolic reactions?
Catabolic reactions are ones where larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones. Ex: Hydrolysis
What are exergonic reactions?
Reactions that release more energy than they require. Includes: Hydrolysis, catabolic reactions
What are endergonic reactions?
Reactions that require more energy than they release. Includes: Dehydration synthesis, anabolic reactions
What is hydrolysis?
A process where larger molecules are broken down into smaller molecules with the help of an enzyme.
What is synthesis?
A process where smaller molecules are joined together to form larger molecules, with the help of an enzyme.
What is the ATP cycle?
The ATP cycle starts with an ATP molecule with three phosphate chains. Then, one of the phosphate chains is broken off from the ATP molecule to make the molecule more stable. This process releases the stored energy in the ATP molecule. This leaves the original molecule with two phosphates, making it an ADP molecule. Then, the phosphate is bonded with the ADP molecule to form the ATP molecule again. This process requires energy. This energy comes from an input of energy from cellular respiration.
What a graph of an exergonic and endergonic reaction look like in terms of energy of reactants and products?
Exergonic Reaction graph: The reactants would have a moderate amount of energy. Then, the amount of energy would increase, so the graph would show an increase in energy. Then, the amount of energy would decrease to less than the original amount that the reactants had, so the graph would show a decrease in energy past the original amount of starting energy. The reactants would have more energy than the products.
Endergonic: The reactants would have a low amount of energy. Then, the amount of energy would increase dramatically, so the graph would show the amount of energy going up. Then, the amount of energy would decrease slightly, so the graph would show a decreasing trend in energy. The products would have more energy than the reactants.
Relate vocab terms:
Anabolic reactions are exergonic reactions. Synthesis is an example of both an anabolic reaction and an exergonic reaction.
Catabolic reactions are endergonic reactions. Hydrolysis is an example of both a catabolic and endergonic reaction.
Which parts of the ATP cycle correlate with the vocab terms above?
The breaking apart of ATP into ADP and a phosphate chain is an exergonic and catabolic reaction. This process is hydrolysis because it is taking the larger ATP molecule and breaking it apart into smaller molecules.
The formation of the ATP molecule by joining the ADP molecule with a phosphate molecule is an anabolic and endergonic reaction. This process is synthesis because it is taking two smaller molecules and joining them together to form a larger molecule.
Give an example of an exergonic reaction being linked with an endergonic reaction and why they must occur in that order
In the ATP Cycle, an exergonic reaction is being linked with an endergonic reaction. The ATP is broken up into ADP and a phosphate molecule and is later joined back together to form ATP. This must occur in this order because the ATP molecule must be broken apart to release the energy that it holds. The energy that is released is used to help the cellular respiration process take place. Then, the energy that is released during cellular respiration is used to bond ADP and the phosphate molecule together to make ATP.
