5.1 Study Guide Flashcards
What is the position/mass/charge/function of protons?
Protons are located in the nucleus. They have a mass of 1 amu and have a +1 charge. Protons determine the identity of the atom.
What is the position/mass/charge/function of electrons?
Electrons are located in the electron orbital cloud surrounding the nucleus. They have a mass of virtually zero and have a -1 charge. Electrons are responsible for reactivity.
What is the position/mass/charge/function of neutrons?
Neutrons are located in the nucleus. They have no charge and have a mass of 1 amu. Neutrons hold the protons together inside of the nucleus.
What is an isotope?
An isotope is the same element but with different numbers of neutrons.
Which charges attract or repel?
Opposite charges attract and the same charges repel. Ex: Positive charges repel positive charges and positive charges attract negative charges.
What is the relationship between coulombic attraction and the amount of charge?
There is a direct relationship between coulombic attraction and the amount, or magnitude, or charge. They increase and decrease together.
What is the relationship between coulombic attraction and distance?
There is an inverse relationship between coulombic attraction and distance. The amount of force decreases as the distance between the particles increases.
What is electronegativity?
Electronegativity is the measure of the tendency of an atom to attract electrons.
What is the atomic mass, element, and ion charge of an atom that has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 7 electrons?
This is an Oxygen atom with an atomic mass of 16. It has an ion charge of +1, or positive.
Given the element Fluorine (atomic mass of 19 u) with a positive ion charge, how many protons, electrons, and neutrons does it have?
The atom would have 9 protons, 10 neutrons, and 8 electrons.
Why can isotopes be useful in scientific research?
Some isotopes are radioactive. The radiation produced by these isotopes can be used for research in the medical field, industrial applications, biological studies, and other atomic energy research purposes.
Which atom has a stronger attraction for valence electrons, Lithium or Carbon?
Carbon has a stronger attraction for valence electrons because there are more protons in its nucleus. More protons means that there is more of the opposite charge to the electrons, which means greater attraction.
Which atom has a higher electronegativity, Fluorine or Sodium?
While Sodium does have more protons in its nucleus, Fluorine has the higher electronegativity. This is because Fluorine has fewer electron shells. This means that the electrons are closer to the nucleus, which increases the attraction to the protons.
