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Biology > 7.1 The Structure Of DNA > Flashcards

7.1 The Structure Of DNA Flashcards

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1
Q

The importance of DNA:

A
  • Holds genetic information of living things

- All of the body cells contain exactly the same DNA because the DNA is copied

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2
Q

DNA stands for…

A

Deoxyribose nucleic acid

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3
Q

DNA is a…

A

Polymer made up of many repeated units called nucleotides

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4
Q

A nucleotide is made up of…

A

A five carbon sugar
A phosphate group
An organic base

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5
Q

Five carbon sugar is always…

A

Deoxyribose

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6
Q

Organic base can be…

A

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

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7
Q

Phosphate and sugars of adjacent nucleotides join together to form a…

A

Long polynucleotide strand

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8
Q

DNA is made up of…

A

Two polynucleotide strands, one upside down relative to the other

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9
Q

Complementary base pairing - adenine bonds with…

A

Thymine

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10
Q

Complementary base pairing-

Cytosine with…

A

Guanine

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11
Q

adenine and thymine have…

A

2 hydrogen bonds

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12
Q

Cytosine and guanine have…

A

3 hydrogen bonds

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13
Q

Pyrimidines are …

A

Thymine and cytosine

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14
Q

Purines are…

A

Adenine and guanine

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15
Q

Sequence of bases allows the DNA to…

A

Carry coded information for making proteins

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16
Q

DNA is a very long molecule so it can…

A

Store a lot of information

17
Q

Functions of DNA:

A
  • Storage of genetic information
  • Self-duplication and inheritance
  • Expression of the genetic message
18
Q

Major function of DNA is…

A

To code for proteins: information coded in the order of the nitrogenous bases (change of nitrogenous bases = change of amino acids)

19
Q

Structure related to its functions:

A
  • Sugar-phosphate backbone makes the molecule stable
  • Molecule coils up so that it is compact - store a lot of information
  • Sequence of bases allows it to carry coded information for making proteins
  • Double helix makes the molecule stable, as the base pairs are on the inside of the molecule where they are less likely to be damaged
  • Bases are held together by weak hydrogen bonds, which allow the molecule to ‘unzip’ easily when it replicates

Biology (68 decks)

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