2.2 Factors Affecting Enzymes Flashcards
Enzymes are made inside living cells, but may also act inside the cell or outside…
INTRACELLULAR
EXTRACELLULAR (digestive enzyme, alimentary canal)
Environmental conditions can change the 3D structure of the active site is altered as…
Bonds are broken and hence the configuration of the active site is altered
Temperature affects the enzymes, a basic rule is…
Reaction rate doubles for each 10•C rise until an optimum temperature is reached (mostly 40•C)
Above the optimum temperature the increasing vibration of the molecules cause the…
Hydrogen bonds to break an cause a change in tertiary structure, alters active site
Enzyme said to be denatured (permanent change in structure)
At low temperature the enzyme is inactivated as the molecules have…
No kinetic energy
Enzymes have a…
Narrow range and small changes in pH can affect the rate of reaction but not the structure
Small changes outside pH optimum can cause…
Small terrible changes in structure
Extremes of pH can cause denaturalising as…
H+ bonds are affected, 3D shape is altered so is active site
Changes on the amino acid side chains of the enzyme’s active site are affected by…
Free hydrogen ions or hydroxyl
In the formation of an enzyme substrate complex the charge on the active site must match…
Those of the substrate, e.g. If the active site had too many H+ ions, the active site and the substrate may both have the same charge and the enzyme will repel the substrate
Substrate concentration is the rate of an enzyme catalysed will…
Vary with changes in substrate concentration
If the amount of enzyme is constant the rate of reaction will…
Increase as the substrate increases
There must come a point when all the enzyme’s active sites are working to full capacity-all the active sites are filled, know as…
Point of saturation
Competitive inhibitors will bind so the substrate can’t as it changes…
The shape of the active site
Non-competitive inhibitors will bind to somewhere other than the…
Active site
