3.1 Lungs & Ventilation Flashcards
Air enters and leaves the lungs through a tube called…
Trachea
The trachea is support by…
Rings of cartilage
Lungs are situated inside the chest cavity, called the…
Thorax
The diaphragm lies across the…
Bottom of the thorax
The lungs are attached to the inside of the rib cage and diaphragm by the…
Pleural membranes
Ribs can be moved by the…
Intercostal muscles
Trachea divides into 2 tubes called…
Bronchi - one leading to each lung
The bronchi subdivide into smaller tubes called…
Bronchioles
Bronchioles are…
Highly branched giving many pathways for air to enter and leave the lung
End in clusters of tiny air sacs called alveoli
Breathe in, intercostal muscles…
Contract - pulling rib cage up and out
Diaphragm muscles contract pulling the diaphragm flatter
Increases the volume of the thorax reduces the pressure inside it (air pulled in)
Breathe out, the intercostal muscles…
Relax, rib cage returns to its starting position
Diaphragm muscles relax, diaphragm moves back to its original domes shape
Reduces volume of the thorax and increases pressure within it, forcing air out of lungs
Trachea and bronchi are lined by a layer of cells called an…
Epithelium
2 main types of cells in this epithelium:
Ciliated
Goblet
Ciliated cells are:
Cilia are tiny extensions of the cytoplasm that form many tiny hair-like structures on the surface of the cells.
Can bend and beat in time with each other
Goblet cells are:
In between the ciliated cells
They make and secrete mucus
