4.3 Tuberculosis Flashcards
Tuberculosis is cause by the bacterium…
MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
TB is spread by…
Droplet infection - spread through the air, infected person coughs or sneezes they release tiny droplets of mucus that contain the bacteria, another person breathes in these droplets the bacteria enter their lungs (have to usually be in close contact for long period of time to be infected)
Where is the disease most likely to spread?
When people live in overcrowded, poorly ventilated homes
MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS infects
Cattle
The infection mainly lies…
Dormant - can become active later on especially if the person is infected with HIV
Most cases of TB affect the…
Lungs - droplets are inhaled and enter the lungs.
After entering the lungs the next stage is…
Development of tubercles - consist of a mass of dead lung tissue surrounding the MYCOBACTERIUM bacteria. The bacteria cannot multiply inside the tubercles due to a low pH and lack of oxygen.
The tubercles are surrounded by many…
Macrophages.
MYCOBACTERIUM is able to multiply inside some of the macrophages which causes the tubercles to grow.
The tubercles may…
Invade the bronchioles and spread to other parts of the lung or the bacteria may enter a blood vessel and cause an infection in another part of the body.
The secondary infection can occur anywhere in the body but usually occurs in the…
Reproductive system Urinary system Bones Joints Lymph nodes Peritoneum (membrane surrounding the body cavity)
Final stages of TB…
Centres of the tubercles begin to liquefy, causes the MYCOBACTERIUM to multiply very quickly. The tissue of the bronchioles die and break open, leaving cavities in the lungs - causes the MYCOBACTERIUM to spread quickly to other parts of the lungs.
Humans can develop TB (mycobacterium bovis) by…
Consuming unpasteurised milk from TB-infected cattle (these cases bacteria usually infect the bones rather than the lungs)
Early symptoms of TB in the lungs…
Develop a mild cough
May feel slightly sick
(Symptoms similar to many other infections of the respiratory system)
Progressed symptoms of TB in lungs…
May cough up small amounts of greenish or yellow sputum, may contain blood
Later symptoms of TB in the lungs…
Slight fever Loss of appetite Mild chest pain Difficulty in breathing Night sweats