7.1 Fundamental principles of cancer pain management Flashcards

1
Q

What are the pain initiators (NTs) and which are central and peripheral

A

Glutamate: cetrral
Substance P: central
bradykinin: peripheral
Prostaglandins: peripheral

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2
Q

What are the pain inhibitors?

A

Serotonin
Endorphins
Enkephalins
Dynorphin

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3
Q

What are the three factors that influence he gate control theory?

A

Amount of activity in pain fibres
Amount of activity in other peripheral fibres
Messages that descend from the brain

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4
Q

What ‘opens’ the pain gate?

A
Extent of injury 
Inappropriate activity level 
Anxiety or worry 
Tension 
Depression 
Focusing on pain 
boredom
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5
Q

What ‘closes’ the pain gate

A
Medications 
Counter stimulation (heat, massage) 
Positive emotions 
Relaxation/rest 
Intense concentration or distraction 
Involvement and interest in life activities
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6
Q

What is the treatment of mild to moderate pain?

A

Non opioids - aspirin, NSAIDs or paracetamol

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7
Q

What is the treatment for moderate to severe pain?

A

Mild opioids (codeine) with or without non opioids

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8
Q

What is the treatment for severe pain?

A

Strong opioids (morphine) with or without non opioids

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9
Q

What changes the personal context of pain?

A

Previous treatment experiences
Impact on QoL
Expectations of relief

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