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Block 5 > 3.6 Staging of cancer > Flashcards

3.6 Staging of cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we stage cancer?

A

Planning treatment
Accurate communication between physicians
Assessment of treatment
Create a flowchart of management and treatment

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2
Q

When should staging be applied?

A

At the time of diagnosis

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3
Q

What is not part of staging?

A

Tumour grade
Histological subtype
Microscopic features
Patient symptoms

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4
Q

What is the T stage

A 
Tumour 
Tx = not accessible 
T0 = no evidence of primary 
Tis = Carcinoma in situ (no invasion and not malignan) 
T1-4 = increasing size or local extent
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5
Q

What is teh N stage?

A

Node
Nx = not accessible
N0 = no regional lymph node mets
N1-3 = increasing involvement

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6
Q

What is the M stage

A

Metastases
M0 = no mets
M1 = mets

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7
Q

What is pT?

A

Pathologic tumour (stage has been determined after resection)

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8
Q

What is ypN

A

Pathologic stage of nodes post chemotherapy

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9
Q

What is R staging?

A

Residual tumour post resection
R0 = no residual tumour
R1 = microscopic residual tumour
R2 = macroscopic

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10
Q

What is sn staging?

A

Sentinel node involvement

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11
Q

What does ypN1(sn) mean?

A

after chemotherapy a sentinel node was positive

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12
Q

What is the T stage in breast cancer?

A 
Tx = Primary cannot be assessed
Tis = in situ disease only 
T0 = no primary 
T1 = 2 5cm 
T4 = tumour involving chest wall or skin
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13
Q

What is the N stage in breast cancer?

A 
N0 = none 
N1 = 1-3 axillary nodes 
N2 = >3 axillary or apparent internal mammary 
N3= > = 10
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14
Q

What TNM is stage 1 breast cancer?

A

T1, N0, M0

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15
Q

What TNM is stage 2 breast ?

A

as soon as there is nodal involvement (only up to N1)
T0, T1 and T2 with N1 M0
OR
T3 N0 M0

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16
Q

What TNM is stage 3a breast ?

A

T0-2 with N2 M0

T3 with N1 or N2 M0

17
Q

What TNM is stage 3b breast?

A

T4, N0-2, M0

18
Q

What TNM is stage 3c breast?

A

any T, N3, M0

19
Q

What TNM is stage 4 breast?

A

Ant T, N, M1

20
Q

What is the T stage in colorectal cancer?

A 
Tis = just in muscularis mucosa 
T1 = extends into submucosa 
T2 = extends into muscularis propria
T3 = Grown through the muscularis propria to outer layers but not through them
T4 = Through the serosa to adjacent organs
21
Q

What is the N stage of colorectal cancer?

A 
N1 = 1-3 mesenteric nodes 
N2 = >=4 mesenteric nodes
22
Q

What TNM is stage 1 colon cancer?

A

T1 or T2, N0 M0

23
Q

What TNM is stage 2 colon cancer?

A

T3 or T4 N0 M0

24
Q

What TNM is stage 3 colon cancer?

A

Any T, N1 or 2, M0

25
Q

What TNM is stage 4 colon cancer?

A

Any T, N M1

Block 5 (35 decks)

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