5.6 Female Genitourinary Tract Pathology

Question 1

What are deposits in the urinary bladder called?

Answer 1

Within lumen: Lithiasis

Within wall: Amyloid

Question 2

What are the benign and malignant neoplasms of Flat urothelial cells?

Answer 2

Benign: regenrative changes following inflammation
Malignant: Carcinoma in situ and Urothelial carcinoma

Question 3

How can you tell the difference between CIS and urothelial carcinoma?

Answer 3

CIS will not have invaded past the BM

Question 4

What is the treatment for CIS and urothelial carcinoma?

Answer 4

CIS: transurethral resection and intravesical BSG

Urothelial carcinoma: Cystectomy

Question 5

What is the sturucture of a papilla?

Answer 5

Finger like projection with a core of blood vessels and connective tissue surrounded by epithelium

Question 6

What are the benign and malignant neoplasms of papillary cells of the urothelium?

Answer 6

Benign: Papilloma
Malignant: Papillary urothelial carcinoma

Question 7

What will you see histologically in papillary urothelial carcinoma?

Answer 7

Lined by cytologically malignant epithelium
Increased thickness of urothelium
Complete loss of organisation
Several mitoses

Question 8

What is inflammation/infection of the fallopian tube known as?

Answer 8

Salpingitis

Question 9

What is the macro appearance of salpingitis?

Answer 9

Adhesion and fusion of fimbriae

Dilated tube filled with pus

Question 10

What is the micro appearance of salpingitis?

Answer 10

Acute or chronic inflammation

Pilcea fused

Question 11

What are the complications of salpingitis?

Answer 11

Abscess formation
Ectopic pregnancy
Infertility

Question 12

What is the appearance of ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 12

Fallopian tubes distended with ruptured walls

Macro: dilated, haemorrhage, may have fetus

Micro: chorionic villi

Question 13

What is the term for endometrium in the wrong location?

Answer 13

Endometriosis: otuside the uterus
Adenometriosis: within myometrium

Question 14

What is the appearance of endometrial carcinoma?

Answer 14

Glands arranged back to back without intervening normal stroma.
The glands and papillae are lined by multiple layers of cells

Cells show large nuclei with neucleoli, altered nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and pleomorphism

Question 15

What is leiomyoma and what is its appearance?

Answer 15

smooth muscle proliferation with homogenous, whirled appearance

Question 16

What are the complications of leiomyoma?

Answer 16

pain, mennorrhagia, compressive symptoms, infertility

Question 17

What are the malignant conditions of the cervix?

Answer 17

SCC and adenocarcinoma

Question 18

What are the malignant conditions of the vagina?

Answer 18

SCC, clear cell carcinoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 19

What lines the vulva?

Answer 19

stratified keratinising squamous epithelium

Question 20

What is leukoplakia?

Answer 20

A white plaque like thickening of the mucosa which can be benign (Lichen sclerosis) or malignant (early SCC)

Question 21

What is the micro and macro appearance of lichen sclerosis?

Answer 21

Macro: an area of leukoplakia
Micro: hyperkeratosis, thinning of epidermis, loss of rete pegs and dermal collagen altered