5.3 Pathology of male genital system

Question 1

What are glands lined by?

Answer 1

Two layers of cells - epithelial on the luminal surface and basal at the periphery

Question 2

What are copora amylacea?

Answer 2

Calcified concentrations within the glands

Question 3

What are the causes of non neoplastic changes in the prostate?

Answer 3

Infection: acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis, TB prostatitis

Inflammation: non specific chronic prostatitis, granulomatous prostatitis, xanthogranulomatous prostatitis

Deposits: calculi, amyloid

Question 4

What are the benign and malignant neoplasms of epithelial cells in the prostate?

Answer 4

Benign: adenosis
Malignant: acinar adenocarcinoma

Question 5

What are the benign and malignant neoplasms of mesenchymal cells in the prostate?

Answer 5

Benign: leiomyoma
Malignant: Leiomyosarcoma, stromal sarcoma

Question 6

What are the benign and malignant neoplasms of Mixed cells in the prostate?

Answer 6

benign: BPH
Malignant: epithelial stromal sarcoma or invasions from nearby organs

Question 7

What will you see histologically in BPH?

Answer 7

Hyperplasia of glands and stroma with the glands still lined by the two layers

Question 8

What will you see histologically in prostatic adenocarcinoma?

Answer 8

Prominent nucleoli with a complete absence of basal cells

Question 9

What can you use for diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma?

Answer 9

Digital rectal and US can help in diagnosis but biopsy needed for confirmation

Question 10

What is the neoplastic condition of the penis?

Answer 10

Squamous carcinoma

Question 11

What are the risk factors for penile Squamous carcinoma?

Answer 11

HPV 16 or 18 and non circumscision

Question 12

Where do most penis SCC come from?

Answer 12

Glans or inner foreskin near coronal sulcus

Question 13

What will you see histologically in SCC of the penis?

Answer 13

Infiltrating islands of squamous cells and keratin pearls

Question 14

What is a hydrocoele

Answer 14

Collection of serous fluid in tunica vaginalis

Question 15

What are the non neoplastic conditions of teh testis?

Answer 15

Cryptorchidism: undescended testis

Torsion

Question 16

What is the most common neoplasm of the testis?

Answer 16

Seminoma

Question 17

What is the gross appearance of a seminoma?

Answer 17

homogenous, creamy white tumour (usually no necrosis of haemorrhage)

Question 18

What is the histology of a seminoma?

Answer 18

Sheets of tightly packed cells with dark, central nuclei, prominent nucleolus and clear cytoplasm

Question 19

What are the non seminomatous germ cell tumours?

Answer 19

teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumour and choriocarcinoma

Question 20

What is the common route of spread of seminom and non seminomatous germ cell tumours?

Answer 20

Seminoma: Lymph nodes

Non seminomatous: spread via blood stream (especially to lung)

Question 21

What do you see in a teratoma and who usually gets it?

Answer 21

all 3 embryonic layers - skin, hair, cartilage, bone which are well differentiated, benign and haphazard arrangement

Usually seen in young children

Question 22

What is the usual appearance of an embryonal carcinoma and who is it most common in?

Answer 22

Sheets of immature pleomorphic cells in solid, tubular or papillary patterns with many mitoses and tumour giant cells

20-30 year olds

Question 23

What is the usual appearance of a yolk sac tumour and who is it most common in?

Answer 23

Histologic appearance of forming solid, papillary and microcytic patterns

Question 24

What is the usual appearance of a choriocacrinoma and who is it most common in?

Answer 24

Composed of trophoblastic tissue (cytotrophoblastic and syncytiotrophoblastic) which secrete HCG

Question 25

What are the markers of testicular tumours and what do they test for?

Answer 25

AFP: yolk sac tumour
HCG: trophoblatic and some seminomas
LDH