6.4 Investigating disseminated malignancy

Question 1

What are the routes of spread?

Answer 1

Lymphatic
Vascular
Seeding of body cavities and surfaces
Perineural

Question 2

What is the tumour marker of adenocarcinoma?

Answer 2

CEA - carcinoembryonic antigen

Question 3

What is the tumour marker of hepatocellular carcinoma and germ cell tumours?

Answer 3

AFP - alpha-fetoprotein

Question 4

What is the tumour marker of epithelial ovarian cancer?

Answer 4

CA 125 - cancer antigen 125

Question 5

What is the tumour marker of prostatic adenocarcinoma?

Answer 5

PSA - prostate specific antigen

Question 6

What is the tumour marker of pancreatic cancer?

Answer 6

CA 19.9

Question 7

What can you do from FNA, core and excision biopsy

Answer 7

FNA: cytology

Core and excision: histology

Question 8

What stains can you do to classify tumours?

Answer 8

Cytokeratin - epithelial
Vimentin - mesenchymal
Leucocyte common antigen - lymphoid
S100 - melanocytes

Question 9

What stains all epithelial cells?

Answer 9

AE1/AE3

Question 10

CK7+

Answer 10

lung, breast, endometrium, ovary

Question 11

CK20+

Answer 11

colorectal

Question 12

CK7 and 20+

Answer 12

pancreatobiliary, urothelial

Question 13

CK7 and 20-

Answer 13

prostate, liver