7.1-7.9 Flashcards
Complete the sentence: “Life on earth is _____ powered.”
solar
How far away is the sun from earth?
150 million kilometers
What are the reactants (a) and the products (b) of photosynthesis?
(a) CO2 and H2O (b) O2, sugars, and other organic molecules
Organisms that perform photosynthesis are called what? What are the two types of these organisms?
Autotrophs. Photoautotrophs use light from the sun for energy. Chemoautotrophs use inorganic chemicals from hydrothermal vents for energy.
Organisms that feed off of autotrophs are called…
Consumers/heterotrophs
What do “autotroph” and “heterotroph” mean, and what language to they derive from?
self-feeder and other-feeder, respectively. Greek.
Besides supplying the primary level of all the world’s food, what else are autotrophs used for.
Clothing (cotton), housing (wood), warmth, light, transport, and manufacturing.
Where do fossil fuels come from?
The decomposition and pressurizing of energy-rich autotrophs from 300 million years ago.
Where, and in what form, are photoautotrophs found?
The answer to this would probably be infinite. The ones mentioned in the book include terrestrial vegetation, singular and multicellular algae, and cyanobacteria (freshwater and marine ecosystems).
What is endosymbiosis?
The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts began as prokaryotes that were engulfed into larger cells that became eukaryotes.
How do photosynthetic bacteria work?
Infolded regions of their plasma membrane with photosynthetic pigments and enzymes.
How do you know a part of a plant has chloroplasts?
If it is green
Where is the major site of photosynthesis in plants?
Leaves
In one mm^2 of leaf, how many chloroplasts are there?
0.5 million.
Where does the green color in leaves come from?
Chlorophyll
What is chlorophyll?
A light-absorbing pigment that contributes in to the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy.
Where in a leaf cell are chloroplasts concentrated?
The green tissue of the interior of the leaves, or the mesophyll.
How does CO2 enter and O2 exit through a leaf?
Holes called stomata (sing. stoma)
How is water received by the plant?
Through the roots, to the veins of the leaves.
How many chloroplasts does a mesophyll cell have?
30-40.
Describe the structure of a chloroplast.
Two membranes. Inner one is filled with a fluid called stroma. In it there are stacks called grana (sing. granum) which are made up of circles called thylakoids.
What is the chloroplast equivalent of the mitochondrial matrix?
The thylakoid membrane/sac.
End of 7.2 question: how do the reactant molecules of photosynthesis reach the chloroplasts in leaves?
CO2 enters through stomata, H2O enters the roots and is carried to leaves through veins.
End of 7.1 question: What do “self-feeding” autotrophs require from the environment to make their own food?
Light, carbon dioxide, and water. (Minerals are also required)