4&5 Study Guide Specifics Flashcards
Diffusion across a biological membrane.
Passive Transport
Enables cells to engulf bulk quantities of specific large molecules
receptor-mediated endocytosis
Two types of passive transport.
Osmosis, passive and facilitated transport
Engulfing proteins in a membrane vesicle
Phagocytosis
How a cell may capture a bacterium
Phagocytosis
What do the sugar chains attached to proteins in the plasma membrane called?
glycoproteins, glycolipids, and identity tags
What form does the cell expend in active transport of energy?
ATP.
Where do molecules experiencing endocytosis go?
In membrane sacs called vesicles.
Laws of ______
Thermodynamics
Three types of cellular work?
Chemical, mechanical, transport
Energy of activitation
energy needed to break chemical bonds.
Mechanical work in a cell?
Movement of structure
Transport work in a cell?
Movement of molecules
Chemical work (energy) in a cell.
building molecules.
What does an enzyme NOT do?
supply energy for a chemical reaction
What is the type of radiation used for the unaided eye, light microscope, and an electron microscope, respectively?
visible light, visible light and electrons
What are the parts that focus beam for the unaided eye, light microscope, and an electron microscope, respectively?
eye cornea and lens, glass lenses, electromagnets
What is the maximum magnification for the unaided eye, light microscope, and an electron microscope, respectively?
None, 1000x, 100000x
What are the smallest visible objects for the unaided eye, light microscope, and an electron microscope, respectively?
dust, smallest bacteria and small molecule
What is the resolution for the unaided eye, light microscope, and an electron microscope, respectively?
0.1 mm, 0.2 micrometers, 2 nanometers
What are the limitations for the unaided eye, light microscope, and an electron microscope, respectively?
no magnification, limited magnification and resolution, kills specimens
What do plant cells NOT have, in comparison to animal cells?
Lysosomes, flagella and ECM
What organelle breaks down drugs and toxins in the liver?
Smooth ER
What organelle makes cell membranes
Rough ER
What organelle ships products to plasma membrane, outside, or other organelles
Golgi bodies
What organelle is defective in Tay-Sachs disease
Rough ER
What is the nonmembraneous organelle?
Ribosome
What organelle stores calcium in muscle cells?
Smooth ER
What organelle has buds that become lysosomes?
Golgi
What organelle inadvertently increases drug tolerence
Smooth ER
Mitochondria are found in…
ALL eukaryotic cells
What is a channel between animal cells?
Gap junction
What is the rigid covering of a plant cell?
Cell wall
What connects animal cells into a strong sheet
Anchoring junction (strong vs. leakproof)
What help support the plant against gravity?
Cell wall
What connects the cytoplasm of adjacent cells?
Plasmodesmata
What acts as rivet between animal cells
ANchoring junction
What plant organelle is made mostly of cellulose
Cell wall
What pieces of evidence support endosymbiosis theory?
Similar to prokaryotes: DNA, ribosomes, inner membrane, splitting process. Double membrane indicates they were once in a molecule.
