7. Nervous system

Question 1

what are the five senses of the nervous system?

Answer 1

touch, taste, smell, hearing, sight

Question 2

what is the central nervous system composed of?

Answer 2

brain and spinal cord

Question 3

what is the basic unit of nervous system?

Answer 3

neuron (aka nerve cell)

Question 4

what does the nervous system do?

Answer 4

basic body functions (e.g. heart beating, breathing, digesting, sweating etc), learning and memory, movement, responding to emergency, the five senses

Question 5

it is a global trend that people are getting dumber. T or F

Answer 5

T

Question 6

what are the three types of intracranial hemorrhage?

Answer 6

acute epidural haematoma, acute subdural haematoma, intracerebral hemorrhage

Question 7

acute epidural hematoma occurs when bleeding happens between _____ and ______ and the bleeding is _______

Answer 7

skull; dura; arterial

Question 8

acute subdural hematoma occurs when bleeding happens between _____ and ______ and the bleeding is _______

Answer 8

arachnoid; dura; venous

Question 9

what would happen to the eyes after epidural hematoma?

Answer 9

fixed and dilated pupil on the side of the injury, and the eye will be positioned down and out

Question 10

which one is much more common for acute boxing injuries? subdural or epidural hematomas

Answer 10

subdural hematomas

Question 11

which one has a higher mortality rate? subdural or epidural hematomas

Answer 11

subdural hematomas

Question 12

sudden but short-lived loss of mental function that occurs after a blow or other injury to the head. what do you call this?

Answer 12

concussion

Question 13

what are the symptoms of concussion?

Answer 13

headache, dizziness, loss of consciousness, confusion, memory loss

Question 14

what are the three ways to separate the brain?

Answer 14

1. white and gray matter
2. cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem
3. frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobe

Question 15

what is the brainstem composed of?

Answer 15

midbrain, pons, medulla

Question 16

left/right hemisphere stroke will be more likely to produce aphasia or other language deficits?

Answer 16

Left

Question 17

what function is found ONLY in prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, thalamic reticular nucleus and thalamus?

Answer 17

attention

Question 18

which part of the brain is usually associated with motor control, but research has increasingly implicated it in reward-based learning, decision making, and other motivation-based types of behaviors as well

Answer 18

Basal ganglia

Question 19

what function is found ONLY in amygdala, hippocampus, cerebellum and prefrontal cortex?

Answer 19

Memory

Question 20

among amygdala, hippocampus, cerebellum and prefrontal cortex, which is involved in fear and fear memories?

Answer 20

amydgala

Question 21

among amygdala, hippocampus, cerebellum and prefrontal cortex, which one is associated with various memory functions e.g. declarative, episodic and recognition memory?

Answer 21

hippocampus

Question 22

which lobe is Broca’s area located in? what function is it associated with?

Answer 22

frontal lobe in the left hemisphere; speech production and articulation

Question 23

which lobe is Wernicke’s area located in? what function is it associated with?

Answer 23

posterior superior temporal lobe; comprehension

Question 24

which lobe is angular gyrus located in? what function is it associated with?

Answer 24

parietal lobe; associate language-related information e.g. auditory, visual or sensory

Question 25

what are the 3 main types of neurotransmitters?

Answer 25

amino acid, monoamines & other biogenic amine, peptides

Question 26

where is adult neurogenesis found to occur?

Answer 26

hippocampus, lateral ventricles, amygdala

Question 27

functional and structural alterations in the brain enabling adaptation to the environment, learning, memory, as well as rehabilitation after brain injury. what is it called?

Answer 27

neuroplasticity

Question 28

what modulate common neuroplasticity substrates in the brain?

Answer 28

physical activity and diet

Question 29

what are some of the neuroplasticity substrates?

Answer 29

neurotrophic signaling, neurogenesis, inflammation, stress response, antioxidant defense

Question 30

what are the two main types of stroke

Answer 30

ischaemic stroke | haemorrhagic stroke

Question 31

multiple subcortical infarctions of basal ganglia and white matter are more common in the west or asia?

Answer 31

asia

Question 32

what are some of the complications of stroke

Answer 32

spasticity, shoulder subluxation, seizure, swallowing problem, pneumonia, dementia, deep vein thrombosis, mood problem

Question 33

why should stroke survivor incorporate PNF (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation) into their training?

Answer 33

PNF uses the body's proprioceptive system to facilitate or inhibit muscle contraction

Question 34

what are the three cardinal symptoms of Parkinson's disease

Answer 34

resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia

Question 35

significant association was found between the duration of parkinson's disease and the presence of ______

Answer 35

Freezing of gait

Question 36

what are the treatments to PD

Answer 36

medication of dopamine, rehab strategies, deep brain stimulation

Question 37

name two useful rehab therapies for patients with PD

Answer 37

taichi and resistance training

Question 38

Spinal cord injuries......patients with C_ and higher level injuries need ventilator support

Answer 38

C3

Question 39

the focus of neurorehabilitation has shifted from the use of _____ approaches toward an emphasis on ______ with the help of ____ and ______

Answer 39

compensatory; functional neurorecovery; neuroplasticity; technologies

Question 40

which lobes are related to ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder)?

Answer 40

right frontal and parietal lobes

Question 41

For ADHD patients, maturation of certain _______ neural pathways appears to be delayed

Answer 41

dopaminergic

Question 42

austism is associated with _____ cortex, high levels of _____ acid and low levels of _____

Answer 42

association cortex; glutamic acid; serotonin

Question 43

DHA (omega-3 fatty acid) exerts many functions in the process of ______

Answer 43

neurogenesis, neurotransmission and protection against oxidative stress

Question 44

vayarin is effective as a konotherapy or as an add on treatment to psychostimulants or non-psychostimulant in treating patients with _____

Answer 44

ADHD