6. Anatomy of pelvis and core muscles

Question 1

what are the motions of hip joint?

Answer 1

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation (turning femur inward), external rotation (turning femur outward)

Question 2

which joint connect spine to hip?

Answer 2

sacroiliac joint

Question 3

which main muscles are included in the hip extensors and flexors?

Answer 3

extensors: gluteus maximus, hamstring and posterior head of adductor magnus
flexors: iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius

Question 4

which three muscles is iliopsoas composed of?

Answer 4

iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor

Question 5

what is the main function of iliacus, psoas major, and psoas minor?

Answer 5

iliascus stabilize pelvis
psoas major stabilize lumbar spine
psoas minor participate in hip flexion

Question 6

which muscle is the longest muscle in human body?

Answer 6

sartorius

Question 7

what are the main functions of sartorius?

Answer 7

hip flexion, knee flexion

Question 8

what is the main muscle of the hip abductors?

Answer 8

gluteus medius

Question 9

adductor minimus constitutes which part of the adductor magnus muscle?

Answer 9

upper and lateral part

Question 10

how would prolonged seated position affect the hip flexors and the gluteals?

Answer 10

hip flexors shortened and tight; gluteals lengthened and weak

Question 11

weak _______ muscles play a major role in development of iliotibial band

Answer 11

hip abductor

Question 12

piriformis lies deep to which muscle?

Answer 12

gluteus maximus

Question 13

piriformis is the internal or external rotator of the hip?

Answer 13

external

Question 14

what happens when piriformis syndrome occurs?

Answer 14

Piriformis syndrome occurs when the piriformis muscle irritates the sciatic nerve (the largest nerve in the human body) and causes lower limb numbness

Question 15

which muscle provide most of the power used for hip external rotation?

Answer 15

gluteus maximus

Question 16

what are the four main core muscles?

Answer 16

rectus abdominis (straight), external oblique (run diagonally downward and inward), internal oblique (at right angle with external oblique), transverse abdominis (run horizontally)

Question 17

among the four main core muscles, which are superficial, deep, and deepest?

Answer 17

superficial: rectus abdominis and external oblique
deep: internal oblique
deepest: transverse abdominis

Question 18

Core muscles are defined as muscles surrounding our ______ skeleton, particularly our ________ spine, and are important for _______ stability

Answer 18

axial; lumbosacral; truncal

Question 19

apart from transverse abdominis, what are the other important core muscles?

Answer 19

multifidus, pelvic floor muscles, diaphragm

Question 20

Multifidus is found on either side of vertebral column extending from the _____ spine all the way to the _____ spine

Answer 20

cervical; lumbar

Question 21

when contracting bilaterally/unilaterally multifidus extend the spine, while unilateral/bilateral contraction aids lateral flexion of the spine to the same side and rotation of the spine to the opposite side

Answer 21

bilaterally; unilateral

Question 22

what are the principles of pilates?

Answer 22

concentration, centering, control

Question 23

what are the two types of pilates? which one is more effective?

Answer 23

pilates mat and pilates reformer……reformer