11. Integumentary system Flashcards
what is the term for skin diseases induced or exacerbated by sunlight
photodermatosis
what skin problems can you get from outdoor sports
photoaging and sunburn
certain skin conditions may be exacerbated by sweating. T or F
T
_________ is triggered by sweating due to heat, emotion, or exercise, and can be provoked by exercising the person in a warm environment
cholinergic urticaria
Water is not a skin irritant. T or F
F…it may be
how is skin structured? what are the functions of each structure? what is included in each structure?
from superficial to deep
- epidermis (provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone): horny layer(stratum corneum)/clear layer(stratum lucidum)/granular layer(stratum granulosum)/spinous layer(stratum spinosum)/basal layer(stratum basale)
- dermis: upper papillary (5%) (LOOSE connective tissue and blood vessels that give nutrients to the epidermis and that help control the temperature of the skin eg hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, nerves, and blood vessels) and lower reticular layer (95%) (DENSE irregular connective tissue featuring densely-packed collagen fibers, providing cushion and elasticity to skin)
- hypodermis (insulating your body, protecting your body from harm, storing energy in the form of fat and connecting your skin to your muscles and bones): contain abundant fat
- Keratinocytes
- merkel cells
- melanocytes
- langerhans cells
A. synthesize keratins/large than basal cells/vit D synthesis
B. only cells that can synthesize melanin. each dendritic melanocyte associates with a number of keratinocytes, forming an “epidermal melanin unit”
C. best thought of as highly specialized macrophages/key role in many immune reactions
D. act as transducers for fine touch, full of nerve ending
1A 2D 3B 4C
_____ lies at the interface between epidermis and dermis
basement membrane
_____ regulates the transfer of nutrients and cells from dermis to epidermis
semi-permeable filter
_____ are the primary cells within dermis
fibroblasts
composition of dermis is mainly fibrous, consisting of both ____ and ____ fibers
collagen and elastic
______ dermis is composed of loose connective tissue that is highly vascular
papillary
genital warts are an _____ manifestation attributed to epidermotropic human papillomavirus (HPV)
epidermal
which two types account for more than 90% of genital warts?
Type 6 and 11 low-risk HPV
Cellulitis is a bacterial infection involving the ______ and _____
dermis and subcutaneous fat
what is the function of sebaceous glands? what is the product it produces? what disease is related to it?
lubricate hair and skin; sebum: mildly bactericidal and fungistatic; acne vulgaris
acne vulgaris - a disease of _______ units in the skin
pilosebaceous
P.S. The pilosebaceous unit consists of the hair shaft, the hair follicle, the sebaceous gland, and the erector pili muscle (which causes hair to stand on end when it contracts).
how to treat severe acne
oral antibiotics, isotretinoin
where is sweat gland found?
dermis
what are the two types of sweat gland? what do they produce? where are they located?
eccrine glands are found all over the body and secrete a watery product that cools the skin; apocrine sweat glands are mainly found in the armpits and perianal area, and secrete a more viscous, odorous product
Eccrine glands have _____ innervation, allowing them to be ________. They also play a role in _____ excretion
cholinergic; thermoregulatory; ion (electrolytes)
chronic urticaria last for at least ___ weeks
6
how to treat both acute and chronic urticaria?
antihistamines
what is cholinergic urticaria caused by?
sweating
what is the symptom of cholinergic urticaria?
rash appear rapidly within few minutes of sweating
______ is an infection of the nail unit caused by fungi
onychomycosis
what are the symptoms of onychomycosis?
discolouration of nail, onycholysis, nail plate thickening
prevalence of onychomycosis is decreasing. T or F
F…rising
how to treat onychomycosis?
oral terbinafine, oral itraconazole
how many degrees of burn? what layers does each degree involve?
first degree (superficial, surface of epidermis), second degree (partial thickness, deep epidermal layers and upper layers of dermis), third degree (full thickness, destruction of epidermis and dermis)
how to treat burn patients on scene?
cooling with tap water; cover patient with clean, dry sheets;
ice is absolutely contraindicated
what are the common skin cancers?
basal cell carcinoma: most common skin cancer in HK
malignant melanoma: much less common in Asians. In asians, commonly found in palms, soles or mucous membranes
what are photodermatoses caused by?
abnormal reaction to sunlight
abnormal reactions to UV are predominantly triggered by UV-_ radiation
UV-A
what are the symptoms of rosacea? how is it commonly exacerbated?
persistent redness in the central part of face, flushing, visible broken blood vessels, rhinophyma (swelling of nose); commonly exacerbated by sun exposure
