11. Integumentary system

Question 1

what is the term for skin diseases induced or exacerbated by sunlight

Answer 1

photodermatosis

Question 2

what skin problems can you get from outdoor sports

Answer 2

photoaging and sunburn

Question 3

certain skin conditions may be exacerbated by sweating. T or F

Answer 3

T

Question 4

_________ is triggered by sweating due to heat, emotion, or exercise, and can be provoked by exercising the person in a warm environment

Answer 4

cholinergic urticaria

Question 5

Water is not a skin irritant. T or F

Answer 5

F…it may be

Question 6

how is skin structured? what are the functions of each structure? what is included in each structure?

Answer 6

from superficial to deep

1. epidermis (provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone): horny layer(stratum corneum)/clear layer(stratum lucidum)/granular layer(stratum granulosum)/spinous layer(stratum spinosum)/basal layer(stratum basale)
2. dermis: upper papillary (5%) (LOOSE connective tissue and blood vessels that give nutrients to the epidermis and that help control the temperature of the skin eg hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, nerves, and blood vessels) and lower reticular layer (95%) (DENSE irregular connective tissue featuring densely-packed collagen fibers, providing cushion and elasticity to skin)
3. hypodermis (insulating your body, protecting your body from harm, storing energy in the form of fat and connecting your skin to your muscles and bones): contain abundant fat

Question 7

1. Keratinocytes
2. merkel cells
3. melanocytes
4. langerhans cells

A. synthesize keratins/large than basal cells/vit D synthesis
B. only cells that can synthesize melanin. each dendritic melanocyte associates with a number of keratinocytes, forming an “epidermal melanin unit”
C. best thought of as highly specialized macrophages/key role in many immune reactions
D. act as transducers for fine touch, full of nerve ending

Answer 7

1A 2D 3B 4C

Question 8

_____ lies at the interface between epidermis and dermis

Answer 8

basement membrane

Question 9

_____ regulates the transfer of nutrients and cells from dermis to epidermis

Answer 9

semi-permeable filter

Question 10

_____ are the primary cells within dermis

Answer 10

fibroblasts

Question 11

composition of dermis is mainly fibrous, consisting of both ____ and ____ fibers

Answer 11

collagen and elastic

Question 12

______ dermis is composed of loose connective tissue that is highly vascular

Answer 12

papillary

Question 13

genital warts are an _____ manifestation attributed to epidermotropic human papillomavirus (HPV)

Answer 13

epidermal

Question 14

which two types account for more than 90% of genital warts?

Answer 14

Type 6 and 11 low-risk HPV

Question 15

Cellulitis is a bacterial infection involving the ______ and _____

Answer 15

dermis and subcutaneous fat

Question 16

what is the function of sebaceous glands? what is the product it produces? what disease is related to it?

Answer 16

lubricate hair and skin; sebum: mildly bactericidal and fungistatic; acne vulgaris

Question 17

acne vulgaris - a disease of _______ units in the skin

Answer 17

pilosebaceous

P.S. The pilosebaceous unit consists of the hair shaft, the hair follicle, the sebaceous gland, and the erector pili muscle (which causes hair to stand on end when it contracts).

Question 18

how to treat severe acne

Answer 18

oral antibiotics, isotretinoin

Question 19

where is sweat gland found?

Answer 19

dermis

Question 20

what are the two types of sweat gland? what do they produce? where are they located?

Answer 20

eccrine glands are found all over the body and secrete a watery product that cools the skin; apocrine sweat glands are mainly found in the armpits and perianal area, and secrete a more viscous, odorous product

Question 21

Eccrine glands have _____ innervation, allowing them to be ________. They also play a role in _____ excretion

Answer 21

cholinergic; thermoregulatory; ion (electrolytes)

Question 22

chronic urticaria last for at least ___ weeks

Answer 22

6

Question 23

how to treat both acute and chronic urticaria?

Answer 23

antihistamines

Question 24

what is cholinergic urticaria caused by?

Answer 24

sweating

Question 25

what is the symptom of cholinergic urticaria?

Answer 25

rash appear rapidly within few minutes of sweating

Question 26

______ is an infection of the nail unit caused by fungi

Answer 26

onychomycosis

Question 27

what are the symptoms of onychomycosis?

Answer 27

discolouration of nail, onycholysis, nail plate thickening

Question 28

prevalence of onychomycosis is decreasing. T or F

Answer 28

F…rising

Question 29

how to treat onychomycosis?

Answer 29

oral terbinafine, oral itraconazole

Question 30

how many degrees of burn? what layers does each degree involve?

Answer 30

first degree (superficial, surface of epidermis), second degree (partial thickness, deep epidermal layers and upper layers of dermis), third degree (full thickness, destruction of epidermis and dermis)

Question 31

how to treat burn patients on scene?

Answer 31

cooling with tap water; cover patient with clean, dry sheets;
ice is absolutely contraindicated

Question 32

what are the common skin cancers?

Answer 32

basal cell carcinoma: most common skin cancer in HK

malignant melanoma: much less common in Asians. In asians, commonly found in palms, soles or mucous membranes

Question 33

what are photodermatoses caused by?

Answer 33

abnormal reaction to sunlight

Question 34

abnormal reactions to UV are predominantly triggered by UV-_ radiation

Answer 34

UV-A

Question 35

what are the symptoms of rosacea? how is it commonly exacerbated?

Answer 35

persistent redness in the central part of face, flushing, visible broken blood vessels, rhinophyma (swelling of nose); commonly exacerbated by sun exposure