7. how is biodiversity distributed globally Flashcards
what are species-rich ecosystems
tropical wet and dry forests
Mediterranean climates
coral reefs
deep sea
how many percent of world is tropical forest and how many species are there %
7%
50%
many are likely insects
where are thee largest area of tropical forests
amazon basin
wchich country has high sepcies diveristy forests
brazil, mainly north
how many percent of world is coral reefs and how many species are there %
0.1%
33% fish species
what are corals
polyps with calcium carbonate skeletons
algae live in it
mutualistic photosynthetic
found in shallow waters
what model explains speciation
biodiveristy feedback model
HOW CAN SPECIATION OCCUR SO OFTEN WITH ALLOPATRY
happens in peripheral places then species feed back
what is a species that has genetic connectivity to 2/3 of planet
moray eel
why is deep sea species rich
stable environment
nutrient seepage from the sea floor so no light is needed
why is mediterranean communities species rich
cape floristic region of South Africa
lack of glaciation
complex sites create niches
high fire frequency limits dominance
endemism meaning
species found in only one location
what are places wiht high amounts of endemism called
biodiversity hotspots
what are popular biodiversity hotspots
terrestrial and aquatic areas
what are mostly found in biodiveersity hotspots
plants
what environmental factors drove species diveristy
moisture( rainfall ) and temperature
species richness with elevation relationship
higher elevation less richness
latitude and richness
closer to equator , more species richness
do tropical areas or temperatures areas have higher richness
tropical
what are deviations from normal pattern with higher species richness
environmentally complex areas that have little change over geological time
what does environmetal complexity do
genetic isoaltion and local adaptation
what does great geological age do
stability and time
what do environmental complexity and great geological age lead to
speciation
species richness is higher in smaller or larger areas
larger
why do larger areas lead to speciation more
more specialized habitats = more potential for isolation = more speciation
where are the big areas for speciation found in the ocean
indo-pacific
less in atlantic
why is tropic richness better than temperate (summary)
- warmer, more rain, more primary productivity
- glaciation has led to unstable climates as it destroys adapted species to disperse, thus these places are better
- higher temp and higher humidity are easier to handle, less adaptations are needed for cold
- bigger area, more unique habitats, lower rates of extinction because more area to disperse
