5. What creates community and ecosystem diversity Flashcards

1
Q

what is a community

A

group of interacting species in our geographical scale of interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is an ecosystem

A

same as community, but abiotic component is added to it. nutrients and energy cycle through biotic and abiotic sphere.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

examples of things happening in a community

A

herbivory
predation
competition
mutualism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

biotic interactions like predation and herbivory are?

A

trophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

competitive or mutualistic interactions happen…

A

among species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are some ecosystem names

A

grassland
wetland
forest
aquatic
( very informal all of these )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ecosystems and community fail to capture small or rare ecosystem (T/ F)

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what’s a more formal classification system as opposed to ecosystem and community

A

biomes and ecoregions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

canada’s ecozones are broken down into…

A

ecoregions and ecodistricts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

are some examples of ecoregions in canada

A

taiga plains
boreal plains
pacific maritime
northern arctic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when does boreal forest succession occur

A

after natural disturbances like wildfires or clear-cutting anthropogenic ways or insect disturbance or windstorm disturbance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what happens after forest disturbance

A

early successional communities emerge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what types of species usually emerge after forest distrubance? what traits do they have?

A

shade intolerant
drought tolerant plants
specialist bird and mammals

fireweed, blueberry are early colonialists

three-toed woodpeckers are post-fire specialists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what ecooregion covers most of canada

A

boreal forest
covers most of sub arctic Canada

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

forest disturbane backfire: kelp forest decline, why?

A

mainly due to anthropogenic disturbance

small scale kelp harvesting

really important for fish, shellfish, brown algae survival

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

trophic cascades after disturbance , what happens

A

when humans affect sea otters, then affect kelp population

17
Q

which family of species are important decomposers? what they do

A

fungi
they cycle nitrogen back into the soil

18
Q

trophic levels with human involvement

A

alter structure of food webs

19
Q

what has evolved through human and ecosystem interactions

A

mutualism
parasitism

20
Q

are complex food webs more resilient to a disturbance

21
Q

do hares eat lynx carcass when they need it

22
Q

plant pollinator interactions are a great what interaction

A

mutualistic

23
Q

difference between generalist and specialist pollinator

A

the generalist will go to multiple different plants, specialist only goes to one plant

24
Q

why do keystone species affect community structure so much

A

due to their
abundance
presence contributed to the diversity of the ecosystem vastly

25
what are some keystone species
bats wolves fig trees disease causing organisms
26
what are some dominant species
forest trees deers prairie grass
27
rare and common species have less role in ecosystem (T/F)
True
28
Example of ecosystem engineer
Beavers
29
Why are beavers ecosystem engineers and keystone species
created distinct ecosystem across boreal forest
30
do ecosystem engineers poositively affect species diversity
yes
31
what are the 3 types of engineers
1. habitat forming 2. habitat modifyign 3.Bioturbators
32
what are some keystone species and ecosystem engineers
prairie dogs earthworms leafcutter ants fig trees vines
33
what would happen if we looss keystone and engineers
extinction cascade sea turtles are facing aftermath dished at risk
34
what are issues when making designated protected areas
reserves sometimes occupt small area but it's important to many species keystone resources like hollowed trees, or rotting wood in forests
35
resistance and resilience
ability to role back is resilience when there's a new stable state for ecosystem, deeper valley means reversal is less likely