5. What creates community and ecosystem diversity

Question 1

what is a community

Answer 1

group of interacting species in our geographical scale of interest

Question 2

what is an ecosystem

Answer 2

same as community, but abiotic component is added to it. nutrients and energy cycle through biotic and abiotic sphere.

Question 3

examples of things happening in a community

Answer 3

herbivory
predation
competition
mutualism

Question 4

biotic interactions like predation and herbivory are?

Answer 4

trophic

Question 5

competitive or mutualistic interactions happen…

Answer 5

among species

Question 6

what are some ecosystem names

Answer 6

grassland
wetland
forest
aquatic
( very informal all of these )

Question 7

ecosystems and community fail to capture small or rare ecosystem (T/ F)

Answer 7

true

Question 8

what’s a more formal classification system as opposed to ecosystem and community

Answer 8

biomes and ecoregions

Question 9

canada’s ecozones are broken down into…

Answer 9

ecoregions and ecodistricts

Question 10

are some examples of ecoregions in canada

Answer 10

taiga plains
boreal plains
pacific maritime
northern arctic

Question 11

when does boreal forest succession occur

Answer 11

after natural disturbances like wildfires or clear-cutting anthropogenic ways or insect disturbance or windstorm disturbance

Question 12

what happens after forest disturbance

Answer 12

early successional communities emerge

Question 13

what types of species usually emerge after forest distrubance? what traits do they have?

Answer 13

shade intolerant
drought tolerant plants
specialist bird and mammals

fireweed, blueberry are early colonialists

three-toed woodpeckers are post-fire specialists

Question 14

what ecooregion covers most of canada

Answer 14

boreal forest
covers most of sub arctic Canada

Question 15

forest disturbane backfire: kelp forest decline, why?

Answer 15

mainly due to anthropogenic disturbance

small scale kelp harvesting

really important for fish, shellfish, brown algae survival

Question 16

trophic cascades after disturbance , what happens

Answer 16

when humans affect sea otters, then affect kelp population

Question 17

which family of species are important decomposers? what they do

Answer 17

fungi
they cycle nitrogen back into the soil

Question 18

trophic levels with human involvement

Answer 18

alter structure of food webs

Question 19

what has evolved through human and ecosystem interactions

Answer 19

mutualism
parasitism

Question 20

are complex food webs more resilient to a disturbance

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

do hares eat lynx carcass when they need it

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

plant pollinator interactions are a great what interaction

Answer 22

mutualistic

Question 23

difference between generalist and specialist pollinator

Answer 23

the generalist will go to multiple different plants, specialist only goes to one plant

Question 24

why do keystone species affect community structure so much

Answer 24

due to their
abundance
presence contributed to the diversity of the ecosystem vastly

Question 25

what are some keystone species

Answer 25

bats
wolves
fig trees
disease causing organisms

Question 26

what are some dominant species

Answer 26

forest trees
deers
prairie grass

Question 27

rare and common species have less role in ecosystem (T/F)

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Example of ecosystem engineer

Answer 28

Beavers

Question 29

Why are beavers ecosystem engineers and keystone species

Answer 29

created distinct ecosystem across boreal forest

Question 30

do ecosystem engineers poositively affect species diversity

Answer 30

yes

Question 31

what are the 3 types of engineers

Answer 31

1. habitat forming
2. habitat modifyign
   3.Bioturbators

Question 32

what are some keystone species and ecosystem engineers

Answer 32

prairie dogs
earthworms
leafcutter ants
fig trees
vines

Question 33

what would happen if we looss keystone and engineers

Answer 33

extinction cascade
sea turtles are facing aftermath
dished at risk

Question 34

what are issues when making designated protected areas

Answer 34

reserves sometimes occupt small area but it’s important to many species

keystone resources like hollowed trees, or rotting wood in forests

Question 35

resistance and resilience

Answer 35

ability to role back is resilience

when there’s a new stable state for ecosystem, deeper valley means reversal is less likely