13. Invasive alien species as a threat to biodiversity Flashcards

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1
Q

characteristics of invasive species, main increase of rate and vector of transmission

A

people

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2
Q

alien species, what is it

A

found beyond the range they could have possible dispersed to without aid

NEEDS A PASSIVE OR intentional introduction to be there

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3
Q

native species

A

occurs within natural range and dispersal potential

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4
Q

example of native species

A

le conte’s sparrow

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5
Q

example of alien species

A

grey patridge

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6
Q

example of invasive alien species

A

the european sparrow we find everywhere

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6
Q

invasive alien species

A

established in antural or semi-natural ecosystems, threatens native biodiveersity

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7
Q

geographical patterns in invasive alien species

A

australia
america
new zealand

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8
Q

invasive hotspots

A

islands

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9
Q

how are invasions introduced

A

seaport
airport
goods traded
animal imports
plant imports

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10
Q

how much of future land is vulnerable to invasion

A

1/6

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11
Q

an important source of alien species

A

pet trade release or escape, but they don’t establish usually

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12
Q

introduction phase, what is a vector

A

humans

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13
Q

after human intervention, what happened to slug and snail communities

A

classical biogeographical areas have been homogenized

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14
Q

Norway rats - unintentional introduction

A

hitchhiked on ships
disease transmitter in urban areas

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15
Q

zebra mussels- unintentional introduction

A

filter feeders that outcompeted in fauna
introduced through ships

16
Q

giant salvinia -unintentional introduction

A

shades native vegetation
released from aquariums

17
Q

what is worlds most destrutive invader

A

giant salvinia

18
Q

european starlings- intentional introduction

A

contaminate seeds and droppings everywhere

19
Q

cane toads - intentional introduction

A

originally for biocontrol
now out of control
very toxic

20
Q

giant african snails - intentional introduction

A

pet trade and food
damages crops and native animals
intermediate host for zoonotic disease

21
Q

what does it take for accidental or intentional species to be established

A

abiotic and biotic factors act like filters to see which species are successful

some integrate to existing communities

some cause changes in already established communities

22
Q

do most introductions succeed

A

no, they don’t survive transport or don’t establish

23
Q

process of introduction

A
  1. transport
  2. introduction (number of times )
  3. propagule pressure (number released every time to wild )
  4. environment conditions
  5. biotic interactions (will community allow it to grow)
24
Q

what are the 4 hypothesis for hoow introduced aliens become established and invasive

A

empty niche
novel weapons
enemies release
novel environment

25
Q

empty niche

A

no competition with native species
fills an unfilled role

26
Q

novel weapons

A

alien releases chemical that surpresses surrounding growth , so increases competitive advantage
(spotted knapweed)

27
Q

enemies release

A

species have less natural enemies here

28
Q

novel environments

A

naturally adapted to modified conditions created by humans such as roads and homes

29
Q

what do invasions do to biodiversity

A

species extinctions
endemic island faunas mainly

30
Q

most impacted species are

A

insular

31
Q

where should invsaive species management be a priority

A

islands

32
Q

number one invsaive species is

A

cats, and then rodents

33
Q

brown treee snake in guam

A

birds gone extinct due to snake
guam flycatcher is the bird

34
Q

european rabbits in australia

A

constantly eating
widespread as no predators
ideal breeding conditions
soil erosion
native plant species and habitat harm

35
Q

what was used to reduce European rabbits in Australia

A

myxomatosis biocontrol (virus)
they developed resistance

36
Q

why did European rabbits lead to high levels of extinction

A

high rabbits = high predator = spillover effect on other prey speciese

37
Q

the economic cost of invasive species

A

high human health and agricultural cost
forestry and infrastructure impacts

38
Q

what caused most human diseases

A

insect borne diseases