13. Invasive alien species as a threat to biodiversity

Question 1

characteristics of invasive species, main increase of rate and vector of transmission

Answer 1

people

Question 2

alien species, what is it

Answer 2

found beyond the range they could have possible dispersed to without aid

NEEDS A PASSIVE OR intentional introduction to be there

Question 3

native species

Answer 3

occurs within natural range and dispersal potential

Question 4

example of native species

Answer 4

le conte’s sparrow

Question 5

example of alien species

Answer 5

grey patridge

Question 6

example of invasive alien species

Answer 6

the european sparrow we find everywhere

Question 6

invasive alien species

Answer 6

established in antural or semi-natural ecosystems, threatens native biodiveersity

Question 7

geographical patterns in invasive alien species

Answer 7

australia
america
new zealand

Question 8

invasive hotspots

Answer 8

islands

Question 9

how are invasions introduced

Answer 9

seaport
airport
goods traded
animal imports
plant imports

Question 10

how much of future land is vulnerable to invasion

Answer 10

1/6

Question 11

an important source of alien species

Answer 11

pet trade release or escape, but they don’t establish usually

Question 12

introduction phase, what is a vector

Answer 12

humans

Question 13

after human intervention, what happened to slug and snail communities

Answer 13

classical biogeographical areas have been homogenized

Question 14

Norway rats - unintentional introduction

Answer 14

hitchhiked on ships
disease transmitter in urban areas

Question 15

zebra mussels- unintentional introduction

Answer 15

filter feeders that outcompeted in fauna
introduced through ships

Question 16

giant salvinia -unintentional introduction

Answer 16

shades native vegetation
released from aquariums

Question 17

what is worlds most destrutive invader

Answer 17

giant salvinia

Question 18

european starlings- intentional introduction

Answer 18

contaminate seeds and droppings everywhere

Question 19

cane toads - intentional introduction

Answer 19

originally for biocontrol
now out of control
very toxic

Question 20

giant african snails - intentional introduction

Answer 20

pet trade and food
damages crops and native animals
intermediate host for zoonotic disease

Question 21

what does it take for accidental or intentional species to be established

Answer 21

abiotic and biotic factors act like filters to see which species are successful

some integrate to existing communities

some cause changes in already established communities

Question 22

do most introductions succeed

Answer 22

no, they don’t survive transport or don’t establish

Question 23

process of introduction

Answer 23

1. transport
2. introduction (number of times )
3. propagule pressure (number released every time to wild )
4. environment conditions
5. biotic interactions (will community allow it to grow)

Question 24

what are the 4 hypothesis for hoow introduced aliens become established and invasive

Answer 24

empty niche
novel weapons
enemies release
novel environment

Question 25

empty niche

Answer 25

no competition with native species
fills an unfilled role

Question 26

novel weapons

Answer 26

alien releases chemical that surpresses surrounding growth , so increases competitive advantage
(spotted knapweed)

Question 27

enemies release

Answer 27

species have less natural enemies here

Question 28

novel environments

Answer 28

naturally adapted to modified conditions created by humans such as roads and homes

Question 29

what do invasions do to biodiversity

Answer 29

species extinctions
endemic island faunas mainly

Question 30

most impacted species are

Answer 30

insular

Question 31

where should invsaive species management be a priority

Answer 31

islands

Question 32

number one invsaive species is

Answer 32

cats, and then rodents

Question 33

brown treee snake in guam

Answer 33

birds gone extinct due to snake
guam flycatcher is the bird

Question 34

european rabbits in australia

Answer 34

constantly eating
widespread as no predators
ideal breeding conditions
soil erosion
native plant species and habitat harm

Question 35

what was used to reduce European rabbits in Australia

Answer 35

myxomatosis biocontrol (virus)
they developed resistance

Question 36

why did European rabbits lead to high levels of extinction

Answer 36

high rabbits = high predator = spillover effect on other prey speciese

Question 37

the economic cost of invasive species

Answer 37

high human health and agricultural cost
forestry and infrastructure impacts

Question 38

what caused most human diseases

Answer 38

insect borne diseases