Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MED 110- MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY > 7. CHRONIC ILLNESS EXPERIENCE > Flashcards

7. CHRONIC ILLNESS EXPERIENCE Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  1. What is a Chronic Illness?
A
  • chronic illness refers to a condition which is long-term
  • chronic diseases can last for a life-time
    (EG: diabetes, multiple sclerosis, end-stage kidney failure disease)
  • long- term conditions have an impact on the patient’s life
    (EG: physical and social restrictions, treatments)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  1. Why is chronic illness a largely contemporary phenomenon?

CONTEMPORARY= belonging to or occurring in the present

A
  • this is because of ageing societies and modern lifestyles
  • people live longer but they are likely to live with a chronic condition over a large period of time before they die
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  1. What is Prevalence of Chronic Illness?
A
  • 18% of people aged 16 or older report a chronic condition
  • 51% of women and 43% of men aged 75 or older have a chronic condition
  • a significant increase of chronic illness is observed at the age of 45
  • the older one gets, the higher the chance of them developing a chronic illness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  1. List the following:
    4.1: the impairment
    4.2: the disability
    4.3: the handicap
A

4.1: the spinal cord injury
4.2: not being able to walk
4.3: not being able to find a job or obtain higher education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  1. What is an impairment?
    Provide examples.
A
  • it is the abnormalities in the functioning of the body

EG: multiple sclerosis, diabetes, heart disease, any medical condition or malfunctioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  1. What is a disability?
    Provide examples.
A
  • it is the inability to perform an activity in a manner considered normal for a human being
  • the disability arrises as a result of the impairment
  • the physical, noticeable manifestation of the impairment

EG: walking with support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  1. What is a handicap?
    Provide examples.
A
  • it is a social disadvantage which results from the inability to fulfil a role that is normal
  • it is the social disadvantage resulting from the impairment/disability

EG: disadvantage due to the inability to have full-time employment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. What is the meaning of Chronic Illness?
A
  • it beings about disadvantage and deprivation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  1. How do disadvantage and deprivation manifest with regards to the life led while having a Chronic Illness?
A
  • there is a difficulty to manage the symptoms
  • difficulties to manage the treatment
    (EG: medication, lifestyle change, diet)
  • the adjustment to a new life
  • the struggle to adapt a new role (the sick role) in society and in your community
  • psychological distress
  • dependence on others
  • social isolation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  1. What are the Psychological changes in the patient as a result of their chronic illness?
A
  • uncertainty
  • it is one of the consequences of chronic illness
  • it takes three forms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  1. What are the three types of uncertainty a patient may face?
A
  • FORM ONE:
  • chronic patients may feel uncertainty about the cause of their illness
    (why me and why now)
  • FORM TWO:
  • chronic patients may feel uncertainty about their functionality
    (will I be able to do things now)
    (what will happen to me in terms of my functionality)
  • FORM THREE:
  • uncertainty relating to feelings about prognosis
  • how they prognosis will manifest in the future
    (what will happen to me)
    ( what will happen to the me if the condition continues to worsen)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  1. When are feelings of uncertainty stronger in a patient?
A
  • when the patient has many social obligations to fulfil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  1. What feeling do people first feel when they are diagnosed with a chronic illness?
A
  • they first feel uncertainty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  1. List the four ways in which familial relations are affected when a person is diagnosed with a chronic illness?
    Provide examples
A

1: there is a reallocation of tasks
EG: house work, the healthy partner works more hours to compensate for the loss of work hours and salary

2: chronic patients may feel like they are a burden to their family
EG: a patient with end-stage kidney disease feels as though they are a burden and so they refuse any further assistance

3: chronic patients may withdraw from family life
EG: patients may no longer participate in family gatherings

  1. marital breakdown is quite common
    EG: the healthy spouse breaks up with the patient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  1. List the 2 biographical disruptions that are experienced by patients who are diagnosed with a chronic illness.
    Provide examples.
A

1: the patient’s daily life is disrupted
EG: a patient with cancer who has to withdraw from daily activities in order to undergo chemotherapy

2: the patient may lose what they understand as the most important contexts of life
EG: career, family, purpose

: this is a disruption of their identity (biography)
: this can cause them to experience chronic stress
: chronic stress is associated with lack of adherence
: chronic stress also causes other health problems
EG: cardiovascular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. What does managing chronic illness relate directly to?
A
  • to the access a patient has to necessary resources
  • these resources are vital for supporting independent living
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  1. What are 5 examples of resources that are necessary for a person dealing with a chronic illness to survive?
A
  • health care
  • proper housing
  • shopping
  • psychological support
  • social networks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  1. Read through this summary.
    Does everything make sense?
A
  • yes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  1. What social aspects can you identify based on this case?
A
  • his impairment is the disease itself
  • his handicap is the loss of his job
  • the chronic condition is degenerative
  • his family life has been affected
  • there has been a reallocation of tasks
    (his wife has to work more)
  • he feels as though his identity has been disrupted
    (he feels half-human)
20
Q
  1. What does Andreas mean when he says he is “half-human” ?
A
  • socially, he feels this way
  • he cannot fulfil his goals as he would like to
  • he feels inadequate
  • he feels like a burden to those around him
21
Q
  1. What are the 3 sections involved with taking up “the Sick Role” in society?
A

1: Society as social harmony and stability for the whole system

2: Health and the hospital as micro-societies

3: To achieve stability, doctors and patients have to adopt a specific social role
- doctors and patients are two interconnecting parts
- they have to collaborate in a specific way
- each group has its social role

22
Q
  1. What is the doctor’s role when the patient is sick?
    What can the doctor do in order to make hospitals
    functional?
A
  • the doctor can use their knowledge
  • they can improve the health care system
  • their primary role is to treat patients
  • they have to use fair treatment when they treat their patients
  • they need to contribute to the social stability of hospitals
  • they need to benefit society
23
Q
  1. What is the patient’s role when they are sick?
A
  • they need to seek treatment
  • they need to be aware that no one blames them for their condition
  • they are excused to be withdrawn from social activities
  • the lack of blame allows them to do this without feeling guilty
  • they are expected to seek help
  • this is so that they can get well sooner
  • they are expected to return to social activities once they have healed
  • they need to follow their treatment
  • they need to adjust to their new life
24
Q
  1. What happens if patients and doctors promote and do their roles well?
A
  • society will be in harmony
  • society will gain long term stability
  • this will result in overall societal functionality
25
Q
  1. What do patients do with regards to acute conditions?
A
  • they adopt the sick role
  • they follow in the expected mannerisms of the sick role
  • they get well
  • they return to normal social roles
  • this will lead to social stability
26
Q
  1. What do patients do with regards to chronic conditions?
A
  • the patients adopt the sick role
  • they need to aim to live with it
  • while still improving their condition and quality of life
  • they need to try and return to their normal social roles
  • this will lead to social stability
27
Q
  1. Who designed this theory of “The Sick Role”?
A
  • Talcott Parsons
28
Q
  1. What are the criticisms of the Sick Role?
A
  • patients may get well quickly
  • they will not fall into the sick role to begin with
    EG: a mild infection/flu may not require medical attention
  • patients may have lethal diseases
  • these patients may die before/during the healing process
  • they may not be able to enter the sick role
  • patients may adopt the sick role, but will not be able to complete it
    EG: incurable cancer, severe brain injury
  • patients may not be socially legitimate to adopt the sick role
  • they may have a disease that is severely stigmatised
  • society may not care enough for this disease to be interested in adopting the person into the sick role
  • they exclude the patient from the process of improving their condition and returning to society
    EG: people with HIV/AIDS
29
Q
  1. What are the two categories of biographical distribution?
A

1: Biographical Distribution

2: Negotiation

30
Q
  1. Who has put forward the Biographical Distribution Theory?
A
  • Michael Bury
31
Q
  1. What is another way to call Biographical Distribution?
A
  • it can also be known as Identity Distribution
32
Q
  1. What are the two main types of Biographical/Identity Distribution?
    Provide examples.
A

1: Disruption of what patients take for granted (routine)
EG: a patient’s daily routine/schedule

2: Disruption of the patient’s biography
(these are known as the structures of a patient’s
identity)
EG: family, education, career

33
Q
  1. Why are daily routines important for patient’s?
A
  • it gives people a sense of order
  • it makes us feel accomplished and stable
  • there is a sense of control and predictability
34
Q
  1. What are people organised into?
A
  • they are organised into social institutions
35
Q
  1. Why are social institutions important for the well being of a person?
A
  • when people are successful in these social institutions:
    - they feel good about themselves
    - they feel confident
    - they feel accomplished
    - they feel accepted and appreciated
    - they feel fulfilled
36
Q
  1. What do different chronic conditions elicit?
    Provide examples.
A
  • they bring about in different experiences
    EG: multiple sclerosis, cancer and end-stage kidney
    disease bring about many different factors for the
    patient experiencing them
37
Q
  1. What can make the impact of the patient’s condition greater?
    Provide examples.
A
  • if they have more social obligations
    EG: younger patients with end-stage kidney disease can
    have much more negative attitudes because they feel
    as though they have not fulfilled their personal goals.
    They feel as though they have so many social
    obligations still to accomplish
     Whereas older patients have lived through many life 
 experiences. They are more at peace with what they 
 have done with their life so far and more at peace 
 with the diagnosis of their condition
38
Q
  1. How do patients respond to disruption?
A
  • through Negotiation
39
Q
  1. What is Negotiation?
A
  • it refers to a kind of introspection
    (this is an examination of one’s own mental and emotional state)
  • patients negotiate with their new ill self
  • patients are looking got meanings and ways to feel better
40
Q
  1. There are three types of negotiation styles patients use.
    Name them.
A
  1. Coping
  2. Strategy
  3. Style
41
Q
  1. What is coping?
A
  • it is a cognitive process
  • patients can sometimes compare themselves to a condition that is worse than theirs
42
Q
  1. What is strategy?
A
  • it is the action taken by the patient
  • patients can start up new hobbies
  • they can participate in patient groups
43
Q
  1. What is style?
A
  • this is the way the patient deals with his/her condition
  • they can use humour to present their condition in a light hearted manner
  • they can take full control of their own condition
44
Q
  1. What psychological changes did Andreas experience?
A
  • he changed his lifestyle
  • the family tasks were reallocated
45
Q
  1. How has Andreas entered the sick role?
A
  • nobody blames him for his condition
  • Andreas feels the social expectations placed on him
  • Andreas has sought help
  • he has returned to his social activities (his work)
46
Q
  1. How has Andreas experienced Biographical Distribution?
A
  • he has changed his daily routine
  • he has lost his identity due to his disease
  • he was afraid of losing his family and his career
  • he felt as though he was “half-human”

PHYSICALLY:
- he has felt weak

SOCIALLY:
- he has had a difficulty with fulfilling social obligations

47
Q
  1. What types of Negotiations has Andreas activated?
A
  • COPING: he compares himself with other patients
  • STRATEGY: he participates in patient groups
  • STYLE: he is the “manager” of his disease

MED 110- MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions