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MED 110- MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY > 16. ETHNICITY AND ILLNESS (PART 2) > Flashcards

16. ETHNICITY AND ILLNESS (PART 2) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  1. According to the case, what might be the reasons behind his condition?
A
  • smoking
  • occupational stress
  • isolation
  • low population density
    (fewer opportunities to be supported)
    (more opportunities to experience stigma)
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2
Q
  1. He feels that he lives in a racist country.
    Could racism influence his health?
    How?
A
  • he feels excluded
  • he feels devalued
  • he feels a loss of control
  • he feels a loss of predictability
  • he feels stigmatised
  • he feels abnormal
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3
Q
  1. How many dimensions does racism consist of?
A
  • two
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4
Q
  1. What are the two dimensions of Racism?
A
  1. Prejudice
  2. Discrimination
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5
Q
  1. What is Prejudice?
A
  • these are the negative attitudes towards a
    person/group

EG: name calling

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6
Q
  1. What is Discrimination?
A
  • these are the actions based on prejudice

EG: preventing someone from an ethnic minority group to get a job

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7
Q
  1. What is racism associated with?
    Name 7 negative side effects.
A
  1. social isolation
  2. inactivity
  3. unemployment
  4. poor opportunities
  5. low salaries
  6. chronic stress
  7. altered social relations
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8
Q
  1. Complete the sentence:
    Racism affects how people interact with their
    1.________, 2._________ and 3._________ 4.__________.
A
  1. friends
  2. family
  3. wider
  4. community
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9
Q
  1. What are four aspects of life that are problematic for victims of racism to access?
A
  1. employment
  2. education
  3. housing
  4. medical care
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10
Q
  1. Which kinds of areas are victims of Racism likely to live in?
A
  • polluted areas
  • cheaper areas
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11
Q
  1. What does the stress that racism victims experience impact?
A
  • it has an impact on mental illnesses
  • it has an impact on the cardiovascular system
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12
Q
  1. How do people tend to cope with chronic stress experienced as a result of racism?
A
  • they are likely to develop unhealthy coping activities
  • such as:
    - smoking
    - alcohol abuse
    - drug use
    - criminal activity
    (this is a form of reaction to oppression)
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13
Q
  1. What is Institutional Racism?
A
  • it is the exclusionary practices which arise from a racist
    ideology
  • this ideology either exists or existed
  • it is when organisations exclude people from opportunities based on their ethnic background
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14
Q
  1. What are people who experience Institutionalised racism excluded from?
A
  • goods
  • services
  • opportunities
  • these are all integral to institutions
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15
Q
  1. When it comes to discrimination by the National Health Service (NHS), which services are lower among minority ethnic communities?
A
  • preventative services are offered less to minority ethnic communities
  • cervical cancer screening is an example of a preventative service
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16
Q
  1. What are Black and Asian patients less likely to receive?
A
  • follow up services
  • they are also less likely to be referred to a consultant if
    they have a serious illness
    (EG: heart disease)
17
Q
  1. With regards to discrimination done by the National Health Service, which kinds of societies are many General Practitioners unwilling to work in?
A
  • socially disadvantaged societies
  • inner city areas
  • societies were most minority ethnic groups live
  • areas where there are language difficulties
18
Q
  1. What does the National Health Service fail to do?
A
  • they fail to reach out sufficiently to various minority
  • cultural values and needs of ethnic minority groups are not well understood by nurses and health professionals
  • they are lacking strategies to understand cultural and
    ethnic groups well
  • the cultural competence of many medical practitioners is still lacking
19
Q
  1. What are 4 methods that we can use to Reduce
    Institutional Racism and Health?
A
  1. Improved Neighbourhood and Housing
  2. Increased Household Income
  3. Employment Opportunities
  4. Racially Integrated Education
20
Q
  1. How does Improved Neighbourhood and housing reduce institutional racism and health?
A
  • it is associated with:
    - higher employment rates
    - lower use of welfare services
    - better health
    - less abuse
21
Q
  1. How does increased household income reduce institutional racism and health?
A
  • there is less stress prevalent
  • it is associated with:
    - improved health
    - lower smoking
22
Q
  1. How do Employment Opportunities reduce institutional racism and health?
A
  • it is associated with:
    - better health outcomes
    - higher academic achievements
23
Q
  1. How does racially integrated education reduce institutional racism and health?
A
  • it is associated with:
    - higher education rates
    - higher incomes for minority
    - better socio economic status
    - more employment opportunities
    - improvement in social conditions
    - improvement in health status
24
Q
  1. What other issues have been brought up?
A
  • GP is not fulfilling his role in a fair way
  • he feels devalued
  • he wants to obtain Health as an Equilibrium
  • no cultural competence
25
Q
  1. What does Cultural Competence refer to?
A
  • it refers to understanding the importance of social and cultural influences on patients health beliefs and behaviours
  • it looks at how these factors interact at multiple levels of the health care delivery system
  • it also focuses at devising interventions that take these issues into account
    (this assures quality health care delivery to diverse patient populations)
26
Q
  1. What two factors are focused on in Cultural Competence?
A
  • knowledge
  • skills
  • these are utilised as social and cultural knowledge
  • this benefits the patients
27
Q
  1. How is Cultural Competence acquired?
A
  • it is acquired through:
    - a careful interview of patients
    - social sciences training
    - social sciences practice
28
Q
  1. Which three factors are associated with Cultural
    Competence?
A
  1. Patient Satisfaction
  2. Improved doctor-patient relationship
  3. improved adherence
    (the outcomes will be more positive)
29
Q
  1. What are 6 skills for Cultural Competence?
A
  1. Critically reflect on our own values and beliefs
    (this is a fundamental skill)
  2. Communicate in a nondiscriminatory, non
    stereotypical way
    (regardless of cultural and ethnic background)
  3. Empathy regardless of ethnic background
  4. Knowledge of social determinants of health
  5. Awareness of intersectionality
    (culture, social class, gender, disability etc.)
  6. Awareness of cultural values
    (these have an impact on understanding diagnosis
    and management)
30
Q
  1. What can Cultural Competence potentially reduce?
A
  • it can reduce health inequalities among ethnic groups
  • it can improve overall health care
31
Q
  1. What are the social reasons the patient has fallen ill?
A
  1. SOCIAL DISADVANTAGE AND POVERTY
    • poverty
    • social disadvantage
    • chronic stress
    • lifestyle
    • family size
  2. LOW POPULATION DENSITY
    • he does not socialise with many people from his
      home country
    • this may lead to social isolation
  3. RACISM
    • discrimination of other people on the basis of
      prejudice
  4. INSTITUTIONAL RACISM
    • discrimination by organisations
    • institutions on the basis of ethnicity
32
Q
  1. Read through this summary.
    Does everything make sense?
A
  • yes

MED 110- MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY (25 decks)

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