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MED 110- MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY > 32. DEATH AND DYING (PART 2) > Flashcards

32. DEATH AND DYING (PART 2) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  1. What social aspects can you identify in this case?
A
  • the path to death
  • how the doctors are handling the situation
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2
Q
  1. What does Christine mean by saying: “It is a torture for all of us.”
A
  • the lack of communication by the doctors has lead to uncertainty
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3
Q
  1. What are the two types of death that are talked about in Sociology?
A
  1. Biological Death
  2. Social Death
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4
Q
  1. What is Biological Death?
A
  • it is the end of life
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5
Q
  1. What is Social Death?
A
  • this happens when a person is no longer capable of mastering their own life
  • they rely on others to act on their behalf
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6
Q
  1. What are some conditions that are associated with Social Death?
A
  • brain injuries
  • coma
  • brain death
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7
Q
  1. In the past, what was the relation between Social and Biological death?
A
  • biological deaths used to occur before social death
  • funerals and mourning customs were used to help people cope with unexpected loss and uncertainty
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8
Q
  1. In the present, what is the relation between Social and Biological Death?
A
  • social death is likely to happen before Biological death
  • some families may find it to be a difficult separation before the biological death occurs
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9
Q
  1. Are there any coping contexts for social death?
A
  • no
  • this period is often characterised by uncertainty and confusion for the relatives of the patient
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10
Q
  1. How is death perceived currently?
A
  • it is wild, feared and unfamiliar
  • it has been privatised
  • it is not observed in public spaces
  • there has been a huge decline in the exposure to
    death and dying
  • death has been moved into hospitals
  • it is not seen within the community
  • we fear death because we do not casually see it
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11
Q
  1. What kind of approach is there to death, with regards to modern societies?
A
  • a scientific understanding
  • there has also been a decline in the importance of the sacredness of death
  • science has taken over religion
  • there is no longer an explanation of death within
    communities
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12
Q
  1. What is Medicalisation?
A
  • it is a process that ensures that more aspects of daily life are brought into the biomedical sphere
  • these aspects of life are now influenced by the medical sphere
  • this means that some normal events have been turned into controversial and problematic idea
  • a scientific approach can cause many arguments
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13
Q
  1. What are some examples of aspects of daily life that have been Medicalised?
A
  • pregnancy
    (women and children have been saved by medicine)
  • ageing
  • dying
    (less people are dying from brain injuries)
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14
Q
  1. What is the negative side effects of Medicalisation?
A
  • Cultural Iatrogenesis
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15
Q
  1. What is Cultural Iatrogenesis?
A
  • biomedicine undermines people’s ability to:
    - manage their own life
    - the ability to cope with pain
    - the ability to cope with suffering and death
  • it creates a culture of individuals being dependent on the medical world
  • this stops them from being independent in the way they deal with their own issues
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16
Q
  1. What does it mean when we say that death is hospitalised?
A
  • dying is presented as a disease
    within the hospital
  • death is seen as curable
  • death is now viewed as something abnormal
17
Q
  1. Which phenomena now characterise the treatment of dying?
A
  • over treatment
  • heroic medicine
18
Q
  1. Which regards to the case, if the patient could communicate and understand, would you let him know that he was dying?
A
  • yes
  • he has the right to know
  • this allows the patient to have some say in their
    treatment plan
  • this can bring about a holistic decision
  • telling the patient can have a negative impact on their treatment process
19
Q
  1. What were the 4 forms of Awareness Contexts that were termed by Glaser and Strauss in 1965?
A
  1. Closed
  2. Suspicion Awareness
  3. Mutual Pretence
  4. Open Awareness
20
Q
  1. What is Closed Awareness?
A
  • this is where the staff knows about the patient’s impending death
  • the patient does not know about their death
  • it is based on the idea that the patient’s do not want to know that they are dying
21
Q
  1. What is Suspicion Awareness?
A
  • the doctors and the nurses behave in a way to avoid talking about the topic of death
  • the patient does not press the issue of death
  • they assume they are dying, but do not talk about it
  • the patient does recognise that they are terminal
22
Q
  1. What is Mutual Pretence?
A
  • the doctor and the patient pretend that nothing is wrong
  • there may be some pressure on the doctor from the
    family
  • they want the doctor to tell the patient about their
    condition
23
Q
  1. What is Open Awareness?
A
  • the patient is openly informed that they are dying
  • they are informed by health care professionals
  • this requires a much greater emotional commitment by nurses and the medical staff
24
Q
  1. What is Open Awareness associated with?
A
  • the concept of good death
25
Q
  1. Who termed the idea of the Good Death?
A
  • Kellehear
  • in 1990
26
Q
  1. What is meant by the idea that a death can be good?
A
  • the patient can settle all their affairs because they are aware that they are dying
  • they leave behind no pending issues
27
Q
  1. What are the 5 features of a good death?
A
  1. Awareness of Dying
  2. Personal Preparations and Social Adjustments
  3. Public Preparations
  4. The Relinquishing of Formal Roles
  5. Farewells
28
Q
  1. What is the Awareness of Dying?
A

THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE ARE AWARE THAT THE PATIENT IS DYING:
- the dying person
- family
- friends
- health care professionals

29
Q
  1. What are Personal Preparations and Social Adjustments?
A
  • the dying individual has the chance to settle their
    accounts
  • they can resolve any family disputes
  • this can put them at peace
30
Q
  1. What are Public Preparations?
A
  • the dying individual can settle practical accounts
  • they can sort out their will
  • they leave nothing unfinished behind
31
Q
  1. What is the Relinquishing of Formal Work Roles?
A
  • this allows the dying individual to prepare a soft
    withdrawal from their work place
32
Q
  1. What is meant by Farewells?
A
  • a good death involves formal and informal farewells
  • these can be to:
    - family
    - friends
    - staff
33
Q
  1. What type of death has been experienced?
    Why?
A
  • a social death
  • he cannot communicate with other people
  • he has to rely on others
34
Q
  1. Has his imminent death been medicalised?
    In which ways?
A
  • yes
  • the doctors continue to treat him
  • even though he is dying
35
Q
  1. What type of death awareness could be used in his case?
    Which is most beneficial for the patient?
A
  • Open Awareness is the most commonly used form of awareness in Western Hospitals
  • Open Awareness is linked with the concept of a good
    death
  • this gives the dying person the opportunity to close
    their pending matters
  • they get the chance to say goodbye

MED 110- MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY (25 decks)

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