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MED 110- MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY > 13. GENDER AND HEALTH > Flashcards

13. GENDER AND HEALTH Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  1. Are sex and gender the same?
A
  • NO
  • sex and gender differ from one another
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2
Q
  1. What is the definition of Sex?
A
  • it refers to the biological differences between men and women
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3
Q
  1. What is the definition of Gender?
A
  • it refers to an identity
  • this identity is constructed by men and women
  • this identity is based on how they act, behave and think in a society
  • gender describes the social, cultural and psychological differences between men and women
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4
Q
  1. What structure dictates how men and women should act?
A
  • societies
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5
Q
  1. What distinction existed during earlier times?
A
  • there was a clear distinction between men’s and women’s roles
  • and their activities
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6
Q
  1. What was the distinction between men’s and women’s roles in earlier societies caused by?
A
  • it had to do with patriarchal societies
  • it also had to do with the dominance of men
  • these distinctions were linked to specific values that were propagated by societies
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7
Q
  1. Which values did men’s roles traditionally have to do with?
A
  • they had to do with:
    - power
    - independence
    - ruling
    - control
    - large spaces
    - family image
    - representation of one’s home
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8
Q
  1. Which values did women’s roles traditionally have to do with?
A
  • they had to do with:
    - vulnerability
    - dependence
    - obeying
    - raising children
    - small spaces
    - family relations
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9
Q
  1. What are men and women exposed to from an early age?
A
  • they are socialised to be different
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10
Q
  1. Name 7 traditional male activities.
A
  1. having hard and powerful jobs
  2. working in the fields
  3. going out
  4. they can be violent towards their children and their wives
  5. voting
  6. smoking
  7. drinking
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11
Q
  1. Name 6 traditional female activities.
A
  1. housekeeping
  2. raising children
  3. moving outside used to be restricted or accompanied by a male
  4. obedience to their husbands
  5. lacking a reaction to violence against them
  6. could not vote in many European countries until the beginning of the 20th century
  7. women are stigmatised if they smoke and drink
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12
Q
  1. How much has gender segregation changed?
A
  • it has changed by a lot
  • however, there are still activities which are socially considered as more male and more female
  • they are still traditional values that are present in today’s society
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13
Q
  1. Name 7 activities which are still affected (even segregated) by gender roles?
A
  1. types of jobs
  2. job remuneration
  3. managerial positions
  4. University subjects
  5. politics
  6. smoking
  7. drinking

NB: smoking and drinking can be affected by socioeconomic class

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14
Q
  1. What was gender constructed by?
A
  • society
  • it was socially constructed
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15
Q
  1. What can be said about the effect that gender has on the decision making process?
A
  • women are less likely to participate in it than men
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16
Q
  1. What can be said about the effect that gender has on parenting?
A
  • women are more likely to be lone parents

(they are mothers who are unmarried/divorced/widowed)

17
Q
  1. What can be said about the influence gender has on employment and education?
A
  • traditionally, men were more likely to be educated and employed
  • nowadays, women are just as educated and as employed as men
18
Q
  1. What is the gender gap between men and women?
A
  • there is a 17% gap between the paid employment of women and the paid employment of men
  • men are still paid much better than women
19
Q
  1. What is the Feminisation of Poverty?
A
  • women are more likely than men to be under the poverty line
  • this is attributed to the fact that:
    - women were less likely to be employed in the past
    - they earn less than men even when they are
    employed
    - they are more likely than men to be part timers
20
Q
  1. What is a result of the low status of women’s work?
A
  • the women’s work tends to be underestimated
21
Q
  1. What are three (multiple) demanding roles of women in society?
A
  • mother
  • employee
  • housewife
22
Q
  1. Who lives longer, men or women?
A
  • women live longer than men
  • this is an innate biological advantage
23
Q
  1. What was the case in men vs women deaths in the 16th and the 17th centuries?
A
  • there was a male advantage
  • this was due to the women being more vulnerable to infectious diseases
  • female mortality was also high at birth delivery
24
Q
  1. In which century did men and women have a similar life expectancy?
A
  • in the 19th century
25
Q
  1. When did the expectancy advantage for women appear?

What caused this?

A
  • in the second half of the 19th century
  • this was because the infectious diseases were handled
  • the medicine developed provided a safer environment for women to give birth
26
Q
  1. What was occurring with the mortality rate for both men and women at the beginning of the 20th century?
A
  • both men and women were dying from infectious diseases
  • the infections declined over time
27
Q
  1. What do men and women die from nowadays?
A
  • heart diseases
  • cancer
  • respiratory diseases
28
Q
  1. Which diseases do men die from more than women?
A
  • heart disease
    (cardiovascular diseases)
    (coronary heart disease in specific)
  • lung cancer
29
Q
  1. In which conditions do men die from more than women?
A
  • men die more often in car accidents
  • women are more likely to attempt suicide
    BUT men are more likely to commit it
30
Q
  1. Which diseases are women more likely to die from?
A
  • Alzheimer’s disease
31
Q
  1. What are the three types of gender and mental illnesses?
A
  1. Disorders of thought
  2. Disorders of emotion
  3. Disorders of behaviour
32
Q
  1. Which disorder is higher in younger men?
A
  • schizophrenia
33
Q
  1. What is an example of disorders of thought?
A
  • psychoses
34
Q
  1. In which gender do disorders of though occur more in?
A
  • they are gender neutral
35
Q
  1. What are the three Disorders of Emotion?
A
  • depression
  • anxiety
  • phobias
36
Q
  1. Which gender is more likely to develop a disorder of emotion?
A
  • women
37
Q
  1. What are two examples of Disorders of Behaviour?
A
  • behaviour and personality disorders

EG: alcohol and drug abuse

38
Q
  1. Which gender is more likely to have behavioural disorders?
A
  • men

NB: this can be due to lifestyle and to education

MED 110- MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY (25 decks)

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