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AAPC Pre-Requisite > 7. Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

7. Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

Heart Muscle Layers

A

Eipcardium, myocardium and endocardium

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2
Q

Angiography

A

X-ray examination of blood vessels or lymphatics following injection of radiopaque substance

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3
Q

Aortography

A

Placement of a catheter into the aorta with injection of contrast followed by X-ray to visualize the aorta

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4
Q

Arteriolith

A

A calcareous depost in an artery wall of thrombus

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5
Q

Cardialgia

A

Heartburn or cardiodynia

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6
Q

Myocardosis

A

Symptomatic signs of cardia disease without any discoverable pathological lesion

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7
Q

(2) layers of pericardium

A

Visceral - nearer the heart; Fibrous - on outside of the heart consisting of parietal and visceral pericardium

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8
Q

Pericardiocentesis

A

Needle is used to drain fluid buildup between the visceral and fibrous layers of the pericardium

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9
Q

Pericardiotomy

A

Incision is made to remove a clot or foreign body

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10
Q

Pericardiectomy

A

Removal of the pericardium

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11
Q

CHF

A

Congestive Heart Failure - usually begins in the left ventricle which does not pump blood effectively.

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12
Q

SHF

A

Systolic Heart Failure - occurs when the left ventricle (LV) cannot contract hard enough

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13
Q

DHF

A

Diastolic Heart Failure or diastolic disfunction happens when the muscle in the left ventricle (LV) becomes stiff

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14
Q

RSCHF

A

Right-sided CHF occures when the right ventricle has difficulty pumping.

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15
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium; viral in 80+ % of cases

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16
Q

Pericardial Effusion

A

excessive buildup of fluid between the serous and fibrous layers of the pericardial sac.

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17
Q

Pericardiocentesis

A

Drain away the excess fluid between the serous and fibrous layers of the pericardial sac

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18
Q

Cardiac Tamponade

A

When the heard is compress from the excess fluid it is unable to beat effectively

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19
Q

Hyper cholesterolemia

A

High levels of cholesterol int he blood stream

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20
Q

Annulua

A

A ring of fibrous tissue that hols the leaflets of the valve in place

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21
Q

Annuloplasty is

A

The reconstruction of a valvular annulus that is misshapen

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22
Q

The inlet valaves

A

Tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid)

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23
Q

Outlet Valves

A

Pulmonary and aortic valves

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24
Q

Chordae tendineae

A

String like tendons linking the papillary muscles of the ventricles to the valves

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25
Q

Valvular stenosis

A

Stenosis refers to a narrowing in the opening of the valves

26
Q

Valvular prolapse

A

Most often found in the mitral valve. Flaps are floppy and ballon back into the left atrium.

27
Q

Definition of systolic

A

Arterial pressure when the ventricles contract

28
Q

Definition of Diastolic

A

Arterial pressure when the ventricles relax

29
Q

Aortic Sinuses

A

Sinus of Valsalva - Allow blood to circulate tot he coronary arteries without occlusion while the valve is open

30
Q

Origin of the coronary artery

A

Right coronary sinus - right coronary artery
Left coronary sinus - left coronary artery
Non coronary sinus - has no artery arising from it.

31
Q

Chordae Tendinae

A

String-like tendons linking the papillary muscles of the ventircle to the valves (sometimes referred to as heart strings)

32
Q

Valvular Stenosis

A

Stenosis refers to a narrowing in the opening of the valves.

33
Q

Valvular Prolapse

A

Mitral valves are floppy and balloon back into the left atrium

34
Q

Valvular Regurgitation

A

Refers to back flow of blood through the valve in the wrong direction.

35
Q

Systolic BP

A

The pressure at its highest when the ventricles contract

36
Q

Diastolic BP

A

Pressure when the ventricles relax

37
Q

Sinus of Valsava

A

Aortic Sinuses located just above the aortic valve in the ascending aorta

38
Q

Left main coronary artery branches into:

A

Left Anterior descending coronary artery and the left circumflex coronary artery

39
Q

Deoxygenated blood drains into:

A

The large coronary sinus and the besian veighs which drain directly into the right atrium

39
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

Also known as a stable angina (chest pain)

40
Q

Unstable Angina

A

Unpredictable chest pain during rest

41
Q

Variant Angina

A

Also known as Prinzmetals variant angina or angina inversa. Occurs in young people at night or early morning.

42
Q

Microvascular angina

A

Spasms within the wals of the smalled coronary arteries

43
Q

Myocardial ischemia or Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

A

Tissue damage due to lack of oxygen to the hear muscle, usually due to a blockage of one or more coronary arteries.

44
Q

STEMI

A

ST-elevated myocarial infarction - usually associated with a total occlusion of a coronary artery

45
Q

NSTEMI

A

Non-ST Elevated myocardial infarction - STwave is depressed or inverted and associated with less damage to the heart.

46
Q

Heart Conduction System consists of:

A

Pacemaker cells, nodes, bundle of His and purkinje fibers

47
Q

SA Node

A

Sinoatrial node - acts as pacemaker

48
Q

AV node

A

Atrioventircular node - receives focuses and slows down the impulse between the atria and the ventricles

49
Q

Bundle of His

A

Receives impulse from the AV node where it branches off into the left and right bundle branches

50
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

End of the bundle branches; lie across the apex of the ventricles and give the signal to contract.

51
Q

Subclavian artery

A

Supplies blood to the upper extremities

52
Q

Subclavian veins

A

Drain the upper extremities

53
Q

Greater saphenous vein

A

Superficial; Longest vein in the human body and is a

54
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

Provides circulation throug the body, except for the heart and lungs

55
Q

Coronary circulation

A

Refers to the blood flow found in the heart

56
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A

Closed circuit running from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, through the lungs and back to the left ventricle via the pulmonary vein.

57
Q

Portal Circulation

A

Found in the liver; Arterial blood is pumped into the liever from the right and left hepatic arteries. The portal vain carries venous blood from the organs of digestion to be filtered in the liver prior to rejoining the general circulation.

58
Q

Right Lymphatic duct

A

Collects lymph from the upper-right quadrant of the body

59
Q

Thoracic Duct

A

Drains lymph fro the remainder of the body

60
Q
A

AAPC Pre-Requisite (15 decks)

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