2. Integument Flashcards by Jules Bogarten

-malacia

Softening

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Hidro-

Sweat; perspiration

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Onycho-

Nails

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Layers of the Skin

Epidermis
Dermis

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Layers of Epidermis (from young to old)

Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Corneum

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Granules of Stratum Granulosum

Keratohyalin (secrete Keratin)
Lamellated (secrete Lipids)

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Dermis contains:

Blood vessels
Lymph vessels
Hair follicles
Sweat glands
Collagen bundles
Fibroblasts
Nerves
Sebaceous Glands

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Fibroblasts

Produces collagen & fiber that make up the skin

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Stratum of dermis

Stratum papillare - thin external layer woven with the epidermis
Stratum reticulare - Thick layer of dense connective tissue

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Hypo-dermis

Subcutaneous fat layer composed of a weave of collagen and fat cells.

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Skin Tag

Acrochordon

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3 major types of skin cancer

Basal Cell Carcinoma (most common)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Melanoma

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Hair Shaft Structure

Follicle
* Medulla (inner core)
* Cortex
* Cuticle
Sebaceous gland
Arrector pili muscle

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Sweat Gland types

Eccrine - secrete water and electrolytes
Apocrine - secrete steroids, proteins, and lipids
Apoeccrine - secretes watery fluids

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Sebaceous glands

Secrete lipid-rich sebum to lubricate both hair and skin

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Furuncle

absecess or boil
cluster of boiles: carbuncle

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Erythema

Redness of skin or mucous membranes

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Pityriasis Rosea

Young adults; small but itchy lesion with headache, sore throat and fatigue.

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Lichen Planus

benign; hyperpigmentation, pruritus and swelling

Acne Rosacea

Chronic inflammation on face, red and itchy pusutles

Rule of Nines

Body is divided into 11 areas of 9 percent each

Decubitus ulcers

Bedsores or Pressure ulcers

Venous Stasis Ulcers

Blood collects in the lower legs, causing them to swell. Ulcers can occur from the pressure

Neuropathic skin ulcers

Complication of diabetes mellitus; due to diabetic neuropathy which keeps patients from realizing they have a smaller wound. These can turn into ulcers.

Breast Fibroadenoma

fibrous, benign growth

Breast cyst

Fluid-filled sac, painful, but not harmful

Breast Abscess

Infection creating a collection of pus. May be resolved with antibiotics or incision and drainage

Fibrocystic breast disease

Increase if fibrous and glandular tissues; benign

Breast tumors

May be precancerous or cancerous. Mammogram and biopsy are necessary for definitive diagnosis.

Sequential Compression Device (SCD)

Sequential Compression device to prevent embolism or DVT during surgery

Thromboembolic deterrent (TED)

Stockings used to prevent embolism during surgery

Needle Biopsy is also known as a

Percutaneous tissue biopsy

Skin Biopsy types

Shave biopsy Punch biopsy Incisional biopsy Excisional biopsy

Undermining in skin repair

A technique of dissecting the underlying connective tissue free from its attachments to loosen the wound edges and reduce tension.

Single layer closure

Uses only the non-dissolving type of suture in the epidermis

Layer closure

Placing one layer of dissolvable sutures buried in the dermis or deeper tissue layer, followed by either dissolving or non-dissolving suture under minimal tension to neatly oppose the epidermis.

Actinic Keratosis

Precancerous condition caused by sun exposure

Bulla

Raiser, fluid filled lesion larger than a vesicle

Ecchymosis

Bleeding beneath the skin causing discoloration

Eschar

Burn damaged skin becomes necrotic

Granulation tissue

As part of healing the open wound appears pink/red moist

Keloid scar

Hypertrophic scar tissue - an excess growth of connective tissue that forms over the injured skin

Lupus erythematosus

(SLE) Chronic auto-immune disease affecting connective tissue

Pediculosis

Lice infestation

Nevus

Mole; birthmark; beauty mark - chronic lesion of the skin or mucosa