12. Immunologic and Hematological Systems

Question 1

Myel-

Answer 1

Bone Marrow

Question 2

-poiesis

Answer 2

Formation; production

Question 3

Composition of blood

Answer 3

55% Plasma
41% Red Blood Cells
4% White Blood Cells and Platelets

Question 4

Plasma

Answer 4

90% water
10% dissolved salts, nutrients albumin clotting factor, wasts, etc.

Question 5

CIDP

Answer 5

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy - causes weakening in arms and legs leading to possible paralysis.

Question 6

Hemophilia A is:

Answer 6

A genetic bleeding disorder cause by lack of protein factor VIII

Question 7

Hemophelia B is:

Answer 7

Genetic bleeding disorder caused by lack of protein IX

Question 8

Von Willebrand disease

Answer 8

Disorder in which the blood does not clot properly.

Question 9

Hematopoiesis is

Answer 9

Blood Production

Question 10

Erythocytes

Answer 10

Red Blood cells - carry oxygen from the lungs to cells and carbon dioxide back to be exhaled. Last for 120 days

Question 11

Thrombocytes

Answer 11

Platelets; form blood clots by coagulation

Question 12

Hemostasis

Answer 12

Stop bleeding

Question 13

Healthy Platelet count

Answer 13

150-450,000 platelets per microliter

Question 14

Thrombocytosis

Answer 14

Having too many platelets

Question 15

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 15

Having too few platelets

Question 16

Fibrin

Answer 16

Thread-like structure that forms the external clot or scab

Question 17

Megakaryocytes

Answer 17

Formed in the blood marrow. Fragments are platelets.

Question 18

Granulocytes

Answer 18

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 19

Neutrophils

Answer 19

First line of defense; identifies the site of infection and ingests microorganisms, releasing enzymes to destroy them.

Question 20

Eosinophils

Answer 20

Combat parasitic infection and are inolved in some allergic reactions and cancers

Question 21

Basophils

Answer 21

Least common; release enzymes to dilate blood vessels when an allergen is identified in an attempt to flush the allergen out.

Question 22

Enzymes released by basophils

Answer 22

Histamine and heparin

Question 23

Agranulocytes

Answer 23

Monocytes
Lymphocytes

Question 24

Monocytes

Answer 24

Stored in bone marrow and last 24 hours. When released they mature into macrophages, which engulf infected cells and ingest them.

Question 25

(2) types of Lymphocytes

Answer 25

B-Cell
T-Cell

Question 26

B-Cell Lymphocytes function

Answer 26

Rapidly multiply, forming plasma cells and antibody proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Can be trained via vaccinations.

Question 27

T-cell lymphocytes

Answer 27

Originate in the marrow but mature in the thymus gland.

Question 28

Types of T-cell lymphocytes

Answer 28

Helper T-cells: Produce cytokine to stimulate the formation of antibodies

Regulatory T-cells: Control immune reactions to prevent over-activity

Cytotoxic T-cells: Activated by cytokine, kill foreign cells, infected cells and cancer cells

Question 29

Specific Immunity

Answer 29

Born with and acquired over a lifetime as the body is exposed to the environment or passively through vaccination

Question 30

Non-specific Immunity

Answer 30

Comprised of physical barriers or chemical defenses

Question 31

(3) types of Phagocytes

Answer 31

Neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages

Question 32

CIPD

Answer 32

Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy - nerve disorder causing weakness and numbness in harms and legs.