12. Immunologic and Hematological Systems Flashcards
Myel-
Bone Marrow
-poiesis
Formation; production
Composition of blood
55% Plasma
41% Red Blood Cells
4% White Blood Cells and Platelets
Plasma
90% water
10% dissolved salts, nutrients albumin clotting factor, wasts, etc.
CIDP
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy - causes weakening in arms and legs leading to possible paralysis.
Hemophilia A is:
A genetic bleeding disorder cause by lack of protein factor VIII
Hemophelia B is:
Genetic bleeding disorder caused by lack of protein IX
Von Willebrand disease
Disorder in which the blood does not clot properly.
Hematopoiesis is
Blood Production
Erythocytes
Red Blood cells - carry oxygen from the lungs to cells and carbon dioxide back to be exhaled. Last for 120 days
Thrombocytes
Platelets; form blood clots by coagulation
Hemostasis
Stop bleeding
Healthy Platelet count
150-450,000 platelets per microliter
Thrombocytosis
Having too many platelets
Thrombocytopenia
Having too few platelets
Fibrin
Thread-like structure that forms the external clot or scab
Megakaryocytes
Formed in the blood marrow. Fragments are platelets.
Granulocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Neutrophils
First line of defense; identifies the site of infection and ingests microorganisms, releasing enzymes to destroy them.
Eosinophils
Combat parasitic infection and are inolved in some allergic reactions and cancers
Basophils
Least common; release enzymes to dilate blood vessels when an allergen is identified in an attempt to flush the allergen out.
Enzymes released by basophils
Histamine and heparin
Agranulocytes
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Stored in bone marrow and last 24 hours. When released they mature into macrophages, which engulf infected cells and ingest them.
(2) types of Lymphocytes
B-Cell
T-Cell
B-Cell Lymphocytes function
Rapidly multiply, forming plasma cells and antibody proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Can be trained via vaccinations.
T-cell lymphocytes
Originate in the marrow but mature in the thymus gland.
Types of T-cell lymphocytes
Helper T-cells: Produce cytokine to stimulate the formation of antibodies
Regulatory T-cells: Control immune reactions to prevent over-activity
Cytotoxic T-cells: Activated by cytokine, kill foreign cells, infected cells and cancer cells
Specific Immunity
Born with and acquired over a lifetime as the body is exposed to the environment or passively through vaccination
Non-specific Immunity
Comprised of physical barriers or chemical defenses
(3) types of Phagocytes
Neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages
CIPD
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy - nerve disorder causing weakness and numbness in harms and legs.
