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AAPC Pre-Requisite > 3. Musculo-Skeletal > Flashcards

3. Musculo-Skeletal Flashcards

1
Q

kypho-

A

hump

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2
Q

3 types of muscle

A

Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle

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3
Q

Specifications of Skeletal Muscle

A

Striated and attached to the skeleton by tendons; voluntary

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4
Q

Specifications of Cardiac Muscle

A

Interlocking striated muscle; involuntary

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5
Q

Specifications of Smooth Muscle

A

Found in the walls of all the hollow organs; involuntary

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6
Q

Define Deltoid muscle

A

This triangular muscle covering should joint. Flexes the arm away (abduction)

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7
Q

Definition of Tendon

A

Connect muscle to bone

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8
Q

Definition of Ligament

A

Connect bone to bone

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9
Q

Definition of facia

A

A thin casing of connective tissue. Fascia creates bundles of muscles into groups.

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10
Q

Extensor tendons

A

Allow a joint to open or straighten; found in arms, legs, hands and feet

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11
Q

Flexor tendons

A

Allow a joint to close or contract; present in arms. legs, hands, feet and hips

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12
Q

(4) Ligaments of the knee

A

Anterior cruciate ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament
Medial collateral ligament
Lateral collateral ligament

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13
Q

(2) divisions of Skeletal system

A

Appendicular: shoulders, pelvic, arms, legs, hands, and feet
Axial; Skull, hyoid, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, sacrum

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14
Q

Foramen of Magnum

A

Where the spinal cord exits the brain

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15
Q

(8) Bones of the skull

A

Frontal
Occipital
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
(2) Parietal
(2)Temporal

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16
Q

(12) Facial Bones

A

Maxilla
(2) Zygomatic
Mandible
Nasal
(2) Palatine
(2) Inferior Nasal Concha
(2) Lacrimal
Vomer

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17
Q

(6) Bones of the Auditory System

A

(2) Incudes
(2) Mallei
(2) Stapes

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18
Q

(25) Bones of the Thorax

A

(24) Ribs
(1) Sternum

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19
Q

(25) Bones of the Spinal Column

A

(7) Cervical
(12) Thoracic
(5) Lumbar
Sacrum

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20
Q

Number of bones in the Axial Skeleton

A

80

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21
Q

Number of bones in the Appendicular

A

126

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22
Q

(4) Bones of the shoulder girdle

A

(2) Clavicles
(2) Scapulae

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23
Q

(2) Bones of the Pelvic Girdle

A

(2) Hip Bones

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24
Q

(60) Bones of the Upper Extremities

A

(2) Humeri
(2) Radii
(2) Ulnae
(16) Carpals
(10) Metacarpals
(28) Phalanges

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25
(60) Bones of the Lower Extrmities
(2) Femurs (2) Tibiae (2) Fibulae (2) Patellae (14) Tarsals (10) Metatarsals (28) Phalanges
26
(5) Bone Shapes
Long; Tubular Short; Cuboidal Sesamoid Flat Irregular
27
Chondrocyte
Cell responsible for cartilage formation. Play a critical role in fracture repari
28
Myoma
A tumor composed of muscle tissue
29
Myel-
Bone Marrow
30
Tuberosity
Large Prominence on bone for the attachment of muscle or ligaments
31
Lordosis
Abnormal anterior curvature of the spine usually lumbar
32
Greenstick Fracture
Incomplete fracture most often seen in children; slow to heal
33
Spiral Fracture
Caused by a twisting force; also know as a torsion fracture.
34
Comminuted fracture
Bone fragments into several pieces; crush injuries; seen in the elderly
35
Transverse Fracture
Fracture at right angle to the bone's axis from a direct blow or heavy, repetitive action
36
Compound Fracture
Bone fragment protrude through an open wound in the skin.
37
Cartilage
Non-vascular, filled with chondrocytes, collagen and glycosylated protein
38
Three types of joints
Fibrous, cartilagenous, synovial
39
ORIF
Open Reduction Internal Fixation
40
Approach of Henry
Surgical exposure in an open procedure. The length of the incision depends on the extend of the exposure needed.
41
Reduction
Putting the bony ends back into place or anatomical alignment.
42
Colles' Fracture
Occurs near the wrist, affecting the distal radius bone
43
Epiphyseal fracture
Occurs when matrix is calcifying and chondrocytes are dying; usually seen in children
44
Chondrosis
Cartilage breaks down or deteriorates
45
Chondritis
Inflammation of the cartilage
46
Chondromalacia
Cartilage becomes soft; usually seen in the knee joint at the patella
47
Salter-Harris Fractures
Fractures through the growth plates (epiphyseal plates)
48
Salter Harris Fracture Type 1
A fracture that occurs through the growth plate
49
Salter Harris Fracture Type 2
Most common; it occurs through both the metaphysis and the growth plate
50
Salter Harris Fracture Type 3
Fracture in the joint (intra-articular fracture) extending through the growth plate and epiphysis. Commonly found at the distal end of the tibia
51
Salter Harris Fracture Type 4
Fracture extends through the growth plate, the epiphysis and the metaphysis
52
Salter Harris Fracture Type 5
Crushing or compression injury of the growth plate; poor prognosis resulting in bone growth arrest.
53
(3) Vertebral Components
Vertebral Body Vertebral Arch Transverse Processes
54
Ankylosis
Stiffening of a joint
55
Osteopenia
Lower than average bone density, precursor to osteoporosis
56
Periostium
A dense layer of vasular conective tissue surround bones that does not extend into the surfaces of the joint
57
-clasis
Surgical break or fracture
58
-orraphy
Surgical suture
59
-lysis
To free up
60
-pexy
Surgical fixation
61
Arthrogram
imaging of the inside of a joint using contrast dyeDu
62
Dual-energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scan
Measures density and mass of structures in the body
63
Electromyography (EMG)
Measures the eletrical activity of muscle
64
FABER Test
Positive sign identifies sacroiliac disyfunction
65
Finkelstein test
Positive sign identifies de Quervains tenosynovistis as the cause of wrist pain
66
Homan's Test
Positive sign indicates possible DVT
67
MRI
Uses radio waves and magnetic fields to capture soft tissue or joint damage
68
Thompson Test
Test of Achilles tendon rupture
69
Tinel's sign
Positive sign indicates carpal tunnel syndrome
70
Hallux
Refers to the big toe
71
Hallus valgus
bunion
72
Hammer Toe
Toe or Toes curl downward due to arthritis
73

AAPC Pre-Requisite (15 decks)

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