4. Nervous System Flashcards
(3) parts of the brainstem
Midbrain, Pons, Medulla
(6) Major Lobes of the brain
Frontal, Limbic, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal, Cerebellum
(6) Fontanels in an infant’s skull
Anterior Fontanel
Posterior Fontanel
(2) Anterolateral Fontanel
(2) Postlateral Fontanel
-lalia
Babble or Speech
Autonomic nervous system
Controls involuntary responses; consists of Sympathetic division and Parasympathetic division
Basal Ganglia
Linked to the thalamus at the base of the brain, involved in the coordination of movement.
Cauda Equina
Consists of the second through fifth lumbar nerves, five sacral nerves, and the coccygeal nerve.
Central Nervous System
Consists of brain and spinal cord
Craniotomy
Surgical opening into the skull
Definition: Transsphenoidal Hypophysectomy
Removal of pituitary tumors
Discectomy
Surgical excision of an intervertebral disc
Epidural
Pertaining to above or outside the dura mater
Gray matter
Axons that are not covered in myelin
Hemiparesis
Paralysis on one side of the body
Hemiparesis
Weakness on one side of the body
Intrathecal administration
Injection into the spinal canal or subarachnoid space
Laminae
Small ridged areas midway between the spinous process, the transverse process and the vertebral arch.
Laminectomy
Removal of the laminae and the entire posterior portion of the vertebra
Laminotomy
Partial excision of one or lamina for nerve decompression
Medulla Oblongata
Bundle of nerves that extend from the base of the brain downward to the conus medullaris
Most common disability following stroke
Hemiplegia - complete paralysis on one side of the body
Most prevalent type of stroke
Ischemic
Myelin
Substance that covers some axons to insulate protect and assist in electrical conduction
Nerve Cell Anatomy
Nucleus surrounded by soma with dentrites emerging. Axion consists of Scwann cells in myelin ending in axon terminal
Neurorrhaphy
Repair of severed nerve by suture, graft or synthetic conduit
Nodes of Ranier
Appear between the schwan cells on axons.
Peripheral Nervous System
Consists of motor neurons and sensory neurons
radiculo-
spinal nerve root
Sinous Process
Posterior projection of the vertebra
Somatic nervous system
Controls voluntary movements
Spinal Cord nerve segments
Seven cervical segments - 8 pairs of cervical nerves
12 thoracic segments - 12 pairs of thoracic nerves
5 lumber segments - 5 pairs of lumbar nerves
5 sacral segments - 5 pairs of sacral nerves
3-5 coccygeal segments (fused) - 1 pair of coccygeal nerves
Synapse
Minute space between dendrite of one cell and synaptic bulbs of another
Three main function of the spinal cord
Conduit for motor information
Conduit for sensory information
Coordinating reflexes
Transverse Processes
Projections on either side of the vertebra
Vertebral Foramen
passageway of the vertebral segments through which the spinal cord passes
Z joints
Zygapophseal joints - located on the posterior spine on each side of the vertebrae where it overlaps the neighboring vertebrae
