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AAPC Pre-Requisite > 11. Female Reproductive system > Flashcards

11. Female Reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

Structure of the external female gentalia

A

Vulva
Labia Majora
Labia Minora
Clitoris
Introitus
Urinary Meatus
Skene’s Glands
Bartholin’s Glands

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2
Q

Structure of Internal Female Genital system

A

Vagina
Uterus
Two Fallopian Tubes
Two Ovaries

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3
Q

Chori-

A

Memberane or Sac

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4
Q

Colp-

A

Vagina

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5
Q

Episi-

A

Vulva

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6
Q

Hyster-

A

Uterus, womb

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7
Q

Oophor-

A

Ovary

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8
Q

Salping-

A

Oviduct; Fallopian Tube

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9
Q

Toc-

A

Childbirth

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10
Q

Steps in Hormonal Reproductive Cycle where no pregnancy occurs

A
  1. Hypothalamus triggers release of progesterone and estrogen from the ovaries, causing menstruation and the beginning of a new cycle.
  2. Hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to release Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FHS) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH).
  3. Ovarian Follicle releases a mature ovum & corpus luteum releases progesterone.
  4. If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum shrinks and stops producing progesterone.
  5. Cycle begins again.
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11
Q

Steps in Hormonal Reproductive Cycle where pregnancy occurs.

A

After the ovum has been released, if pregnancy occurs:
1. High levels of estrogen and progesterone will prevent further eggs from maturing; prepares breasts for lactation.
2. Towards the end of the pregnancy, pituitary gland releases oxytocin, causing uterine contractions. Ovaries release relaxin, which loosen pelvic ligaments

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12
Q

Three Layers of the Uterus

A

Endometrium, Myometrium, Perimetrium

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13
Q

Five Orientations of the Uterus

A

Anteverted
Anteflexed
Mid-position
Retroverted
Retroflexed

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14
Q

Structure of Fallopian Tubes

A

Infundibulum, Ampulla, isthmus

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15
Q

Uterine Ligaments

A

Broad
Cardinal
Round
Utero-ovarian
Uterosacral

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16
Q

Structure of Broad Ligament

A

Thin sheet of peritoneum that connects the uterus and fallopian tubes to the lateral wall of pelvis. Consists of the mesosalpinx, mesovarium and mesometrium.

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17
Q

Bartholin’s glands

A

Located slightly inferior and on either side of the vaginal introitus; secrete fluid to lubricate the vagina.

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18
Q

Skene’s glands

A

Located on the anterior wall of the vagina around the lower end of the urethra

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19
Q

Stages of egg on fertilization

A

Zygote - fertilized egg
Morula
Blastocyst
Embryo
Fetus - all basic germ layers have formed.

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20
Q

Gravidity

A

Refers to the number of times a woman has been pregnant

21
Q

Parity

A

The number of times a woman has given birth to a fetus that is at 24+ weeks of gestation (live birth)

22
Q

Gavidity terms

A

Nulligravida - never been pregnant
Primigravida - pregnant for the first time
Multigravida - pregnant more than once

23
Q

Gestational Diabetes

A

Elevated glucose levels and insulin resistance; usually resolves within weeks of delivery

24
Q

Gestational Hypertension

A

Occurs during the a first pregnancy between week 20 to six weeks post partum. Can lead to preeclampsia, eclampsia or Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes and Low Platelets (HELLP) syndrome

25
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

(Toxoplasma gondii) causes flue like symptoms that are easily resolved in adults, Babies infected before birth can be borth with serious mental or physical problems.

26
Q

Chlamydia

A

Causes PID, ectopic pregnancy and infertility. Causes eye inflammation and pneumonia in newborn if passed to the fetus

27
Q

Hepatitis varieties

A

HAV - Rarely transmitted interauterine or perinatally
HBV - may be transmitted perinatally
HCV - Perinatal infection occurs during the last month of pregnancy or delivery or through invasive procedures such as amniocentesis.
HDV - Vertical transmission during pregnancy is rare.

28
Q

Placenta Previa

A

Placenta forms partially or totally toward the lower end of the uterus.

29
Q

Placenta accreta

A

Placenta is too deep within the uterine wall, but does not penetrate the myometrium and it is unable to be expelled. Typically leads to a hysterectomy

30
Q

Placenta increta

A

Placenta penetrates the myometrium; results in a cesarean section and hysterectomy

31
Q

Placenta percreta

A

Placenta penetrates outside the uterus and grows into surrounding organs. Results in a cesarean section and hysterectomy

32
Q

Placental Insufficiency

A

Placenta is unable to provide enough nourisment for the fetus

33
Q

Abruptio Placenta

A

Premature separation of the placenta. Obstetrical emergency as both mother and fetus will bleed out.

34
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy

A

Embryo does not implant in the uterus

35
Q

Blighted ovum

A

Gestations sac forms without embryo that develops.

36
Q

Molar pregnancy

A

Also known as a hydatidifom mole; fetus does not form with an overgrowth of placenta and can cause a benign tumor of the uterus.

37
Q

Endometriosis

A

Caused by insufficient menstruation. Some of the endometrial tissue migrates out of the uterus and re-implants on other organs.

38
Q

Adenomyosis

A

Endometrial tissue remains in the uterus but imbeds itself deeper into the uterine muscle causing the uterus to expand.

39
Q

Cystocele

A

Bladder falls into the vagina; fixed with an anterior colporrhaphy

40
Q

Rectocele

A

Rectum falls into the vagina; repaired with a posterior colporrhaphy

41
Q

Enterocele

A

Small intestine falls into the vagina

42
Q

culdocentesis

A

Peritoneal fluid is obtained from the pouch of Douglas

43
Q

Colposcopy

A

A colposcope is positioned to examine the cervix, vagina and vulva - indicated due to an abnormal pap smear

44
Q

Hysteroscopy

A

Hysteroscope is used to take pictures of the inside of the uterus to view adhesions, locate an IUD or determine the cause of repeated miscarriage.

45
Q

Hystersapingogram

A

or sonohysterography, is done to evaluate the inside of the uterine cavity

46
Q

LEEP

A

Loop electrosurgical excision procedure

47
Q

Pfannenstiel incision

A

Transverse semilunar incision made just above the pubic bone. “Bikini Cut”

48
Q

Ligament important for prevention of uterine prolaps into the vagina

A

Uterosacral ligament

49
Q
A

AAPC Pre-Requisite (15 decks)

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