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6th Grade > 6th - SS Chapter 24 Notes > Flashcards

6th - SS Chapter 24 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

During the Middle Ages, life for most Europeans revolved around what?

A

The manor and the Church

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2
Q

By the 1300s, what were at work that would bring considerable changes to Europe?

A

New forces

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3
Q

What formed as a result of the rural nobility marrying into the mercantile middle class who were involved in commerce or trade?

A

Urban aristocracy

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4
Q

Why were peasants and nobles drawn from manors to towns?

A

In order to find opportunities to gain wealth

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5
Q

What weaken with the growth of trade and industry?

A

Feudalism

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6
Q

Where was a better place for commercial growth than other medieval geographic locations?

A

Italy

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7
Q

Where did the feudal order define the structure of life?

A

In England, France, and Spain

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8
Q

What was a great cultural revival that began in Italy in the 1300s?

A

The Renaissance

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9
Q

The Renaissance was greatly influenced by what?

A

The Egyptian, Greek, and Roman cultures

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10
Q

Why was Italy the birthplace of the Renaissance?

A

Because feudalism was not as strongly develop as in other countries

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11
Q

In the Italian city-states who compete for power and status?

A

The old aristocrats and wealth merchants

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12
Q

Wealthy merchants and bankers helped promote learning and the arts by doing what?

A

Becoming patrons

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13
Q

For centuries, learning had been based in the Church. Even after universities sprang up what was the most important course of study?

A

Theology

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14
Q

What did Renaissance thinkers rediscover?

A

The literature, art, and learning of the Ancient Greece and Rome.

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15
Q

Religion (theology) was not part of what type of learning?

A

Secular

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16
Q

What is the view that religion need not be the center of human affairs?

A

Secularism

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17
Q

What did the new learning of the Renaissance suggest?

A

That human beings and the world deserved contemplation and study as much as matter of God and faith

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18
Q

What was the cultural movement of the Renaissance based on the study of classical works?

A

Humanism

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19
Q

What was the belief that the individual was more important than the larger community?

A

Individualism

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20
Q

What was the collection of tales, written in the mid-1300s by Giovanni Boccaccio, that reflected the worldly views of Florentine society?

A

The Decameron

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21
Q

The Decameron was written in the ____________, or everyday spoken language of the people.

A

Vernacular

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22
Q

What were the ideas that defined the Renaissance?

A

Humanism, secularism, and individualism

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23
Q

In the Middle Ages, educated people spoke in ___________, but ordinary people spoke in vernacular languages such as __________ or _________.

A

Latin, Italian or French

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24
Q

How did Renaissance literature differ from the Middle Ages?

A

More books were written in the vernacular

25
Q

How did Renaissance art differ from Medieval art which had religious themes?

A

Renaissance art dealt with realism and the living world.

26
Q

What else changed?

A

A new perception of time

27
Q

What calendar was commonly used before the Renaissance?

A

Julian calendar, established in Ancient Rome by Julius Caesar

28
Q

In the early 1560s, who headed a commission that worked to correct inaccuracies found in the Julian calendar?

A

Pope Gregory XIII

29
Q

How long did it take the commission to craft the Gregorian calendar?

A

10 years

30
Q

In the Middle Ages, information moved slowly. How did that change by the time of the Renaissance?

A

Ideas, like trade goods, moved more rapidly.

31
Q

What did many scholars look to the new learning to do?

A

Bring about reforms in the Church and in society.

32
Q

Who was one such reformer, an English church leader and scholar?

A

Sir Thomas More

33
Q

What word did More coin from the Greek words meaning “no place” and which was the name he gave to his ideal society?

A

Utopia

34
Q

Who was the reformer and Dutch scholar who used satire to criticize Church leaders and practices?

A

Desiderius Erasmus

35
Q

What is a kind of writing that uses ridicule or sarcasm to criticize vice or folly?

A

Satire

36
Q

What was the name of Erasmus’s most famous book?

A

In Praise of Folly

37
Q

What steps did the Church take to address the growing criticism?

A

Censored many works of literature to prevent people from reading the criticisms

38
Q

Much of Northern Europe was still recovering from the ravages of the Black Death. Gradually the prosperous cities of Flanders, France, Germany, Belgium, and England did what?

A

Joined the cultural rebirth

39
Q

Name two examples of painters who blended Northern Renaissance realism with the classical influences of the Italian Renaissance?

A

Jan van Eyck and Peter Paul Rubens

40
Q

Albrecht Durer, a German artist, is sometimes known as what? And what new technique did he develope?

A

“Leonardo of the North”, engraving

41
Q

New developments promoted the spread of humanism which included advances in what?

A

Printing and expansion of literacy

42
Q

What did German printer Johann Gutenberg invent around 1450?

A

A movable metal type

43
Q

What did the movable metal type method allow?

A

Individual letters formed in metal could be used again and again to form words, lines, and pages of text.

44
Q

What event increased literacy as never before? And why?

A

When Gutenberg published the Bible in 1455 because printed Bibles were less expensive than handwritten ones and many people learned to read using Bibles they had at home.

45
Q

During the Renaissance, Europeans began to think differently about what?

A

Themselves and the world

46
Q

Who sought to adapt classical ideas to new needs during the Renaissance?

A

Architects

47
Q

What is Brunelleschi credited with discovering which is a mathematical system for representing three-dimensional space on a flat surface?

A

Linear perspective

48
Q

What did Renaissance architect Leon Alberti call architecture meaning that it should blend beauty and usefulness for the improvement of society?

A

“A social art”

49
Q

Who was one is the most versatile artists of the Renaissance?

A

Leonardo de Vinci

50
Q

How did Renaissance paintings show figures?

A

Realistically

51
Q

What is de Vinci’s most famous painting?

A

The Mona Lisa

52
Q

De Vinci was more than a master of painting. What was he curious about?

A

Almost every aspect of the natural world

53
Q

Who was another renowned Renaissance artist who greatest work is The Last Judgement?

A

Michelangelo

54
Q

Renaissance writers such as Dante, Petrarch, William Shakespeare, and Miguel de Cervantes continue to do what?

A

Influence literature around the world.

55
Q

Why was Dante’s poem the Divine Comedy significant?

A

Because it was written in Italian, the vernacular rather than Latin

56
Q

Who wrote 37 plays, is the world’s best-known playwright and also wrote sonnets?

A

William Shakespeare

57
Q

What was the name of the novel by Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes which is an example of the picaresque style?

A

Don Quixote

58
Q

Who was the phrase “Renaissance man” which describes people who have many different kinds of talents and interest originally used to describe?

A

Leonardo de Vinci

59
Q

What sums up the evolution of man from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance?

A

The wide variety of interests and curiosities

6th Grade (12 decks)

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