6th - SS Chapter 23 Notes

Question 1

By the 1000’s, the towns were grow richer as a result of the increase in trade. What caused this increase?

Answer 1

Better ways of farming

Question 2

As trade and markets grew larger and more important so did what else?

Answer 2

Towns

Question 3

From AD 1000 to 1300, the number of people in Europe grew steadily. What was this population boom fueled by and why?

Answer 3

An increase in the food supplies which was the result of improvements in agriculture.

Question 4

What could cut through and turn over the thicker soils of Northern Europe which allowed the people to farm more land?

Answer 4

Iron blade plows

Question 5

Horse power and the new plow allowed allowed peasants to do what?

Answer 5

Cultivate more land.

Question 6

During the High Middle Ages additional lands were need for cultivation, where was this land found?

Answer 6

By clearing forest and draining marshes

Question 7

What did farmers develop that changed the practice of the use of the fields?

Answer 7

Crop rotation

Question 8

What was the system called that left a third of the farmer’s land unplanted?

Answer 8

Three-field system

Question 9

What is a unplanted field called?

Answer 9

Fallow

Question 10

What were the advantages of the three-field system?

Answer 10

1. Increased the amount of land that could be planted.

2. It protected farmers from starvation if one of the crops failed.

Question 11

Population growth and advances in farming brought about important changes especially in trade and industry. What did this cause?

Answer 11

The Medieval economy boomed.

Question 12

As a result of the crusades, why did trade increase?

Answer 12

People gained the taste for Asian goods

Question 13

The desire for expensive clothes, jewelry, and weapons led to the need for what?

Answer 13

Long-distance trade

Question 14

As trade increased, merchants needed to transfer large sum of money. Who solved this problem by creating a system that included bills of exchange?

Answer 14

Italian merchants

Question 15

What did bills of exchange allow?

Answer 15

Merchants to deposit money in a bank in one city and withdraw money from a bank in a different city. They no longer needed to carry money on dangerous journeys.

Question 16

As the demand for goods increased the number of what grew in the towns?

Answer 16

Skilled workers

Question 17

What were the groups of Artisans with the same skills that joined together to protect their economic interest called?

Answer 17

Guilds

Question 18

How were the guilds financed?

Answer 18

By requiring members to pay a fee

Question 19

Name some examples groups that formed guilds.

Answer 19

1. Merchants
2. Grocers
3. Shoemakers

Question 20

What was the most widely practiced form of Christianity in Western Europe during the Middle Ages?

Answer 20

Roman Catholicism

Question 21

Religion shaped life in the Middle Ages. The street were frequently crowded with solemn lines of people walking to or from the churches. What were these called?

Answer 21

Processions

Question 22

By the 1200’s, what had changed about the role of monasteries?

Answer 22

They played a more active role in the world. They were centers of agriculture production, famous for their farming methods and many were located in towns.

Question 23

Also in the 1200’s, new forms of Christian communities emerged. What was the one founded to fight heresy and to preach to ordinary people called?

Answer 23

Mendicant Order

Question 24

The mendicant orders were founded based on what principles?

Answer 24

Simplicity of life and poverty - they survived by begging for food and drink

Question 25

Name two examples of mendicant orders based on simplicity of life.

Answer 25

Franciscan Order and Poor Clares

Question 26

Religion also had a great influence on what during the Middle Ages?

Answer 26

The arts

Question 27

Why had the Church disapproved of drama?

Answer 27

Because of its association with the pagan world.

Question 28

Eventually the Church allowed plays based on what?

Answer 28

On stories from the Bible

Question 29

Religion also inspired some of the greatest what since ancient times?

Answer 29

Architecture

Question 30

What is a revolutionary architectural style?

Answer 30

Gothic

Question 31

During the High Middle Ages, most of the new cathedrals were built in what style?

Answer 31

Gothic

Question 32

The Church also influenced what?

Answer 32

Cultural values and social behavior

Question 33

While the conduct of Knights were often far from this, the values of what left a permanent mark on European manners?

Answer 33

Chivalry

Question 34

The High Middle Ages saw expansion not only in trade and culture but also in what which the Church also influenced?

Answer 34

Education

Question 35

Students were trained for priesthood at what schools?

Answer 35

Those attached to cathedrals

Question 36

During medieval times, these schools attached to the cathedrals for the training of priest grew into what?

Answer 36

Universities that trained scholars at the highest levels.

Question 37

The medieval university was itself a kind of what?

Answer 37

Guild

Question 38

Who organized the university guilds?

Answer 38

Professors and students

Question 39

What was the language of the Church and also used by scholars all across Europe to communicate with each other?

Answer 39

Latin

Question 40

In the 1340s, rumors reached Europe about a what in the Far East?

Answer 40

A terrifying illness

Question 41

It was told that how many had died from this in China and India?

Answer 41

Millions

Question 42

This terrifying illness soon infected every corner of Europe. What happened as a result?

Answer 42

Few people remained healthy enough to grow food.

Question 43

There were many catastrophes took place in the High Middle Ages. What was the first?

Answer 43

Famine - shortage of food

Question 44

Europe had barely recovered from the famine when what happened?

Answer 44

War broke out

Question 45

The English won many important battles in the early years of what war?

Answer 45

The Hundred Years’ War

Question 46

The Hundred Years’ War did what to change England and France as nations ?

Answer 46

It helped each nation unify and develop a sense of patriotism

Question 47

By the early 1400s, France appeared to be losing the war. Who turned the tide to France’s favor?

Answer 47

Joan of Arc

Question 48

France finally won the war but the war had caused much suffering. What was France’s new enemy?

Answer 48

The plague

Question 49

In 1347, ten years after the start of the Hundred Years’ War, Europe was struck by an attack of what?

Answer 49

Bubonic Plague or Black Death

Question 50

Who helped carry the bubonic plague?

Answer 50

Traders carried it from Asia to Europe and rats carried it into the fields

Question 51

People panicked as the plague spread and thousands died. How did this change society?

Answer 51

Fear of contact drove many to isolation

Question 52

This fear also cause what?

Answer 52

People were looking for someone to blame. Some blames the Jews and a some Jews were killed

Question 52

The plague also affected the income of the feudal lords. Why was this? What happened as a result?

Answer 52

Because so many serfs had died due to the plague, the manor lords were desperate for workers. So the serfs that were left demanded higher wages

Question 53

How did the lords response to the demand for higher wages?

Answer 53

Manor lords tried to pass laws to limit the serf’s movements and freeze wages.

Question 54

What happened as a result of the social tensions caused by the laws limiting serf’s movements?

Answer 54

The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381

Question 55

Although the revolt was crushed, what never recovered?

Answer 55

Feudalism

Question 56

Throughout Western Europe, the shock of the Black Death did what?

Answer 56

Hastened the end of the Middle Ages and the arrival of the modern world