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6th Grade > 6th - Science Chaper 21 Outline > Flashcards

6th - Science Chaper 21 Outline Flashcards

1
Q

The _____________ in the solar system orbit the Sun.

A

Planets

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2
Q

The Sun and the objects that orbit it make up the ______________.

A

Solar system

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3
Q

The largest object in the solar system is the ____________.

A

Sun

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4
Q

The Sun is a star made up mostly of ____________ gas.

A

Hydrogen

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5
Q

_____________ produces enormous amounts of energy in the Sun.

A

Nuclear fusion

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6
Q

Objects orbit the Sun because it applies ________ forces on them.

A

Gravitational

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7
Q

Objects that orbit the Sun include planets, dwarf planets, asteroids, and _____________. These objects ___________ the Sun’s light.

A

Comets, reflect

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8
Q

A planet has nearly ________ shape.

A

Spherical

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9
Q

There are _____ planets in the solar system.

A

8

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10
Q

The four planets closer to the Sun are called the ______________ planets.

A

Inner

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11
Q

Inner planets are made mainly from __________ material.

A

Rocky

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12
Q

The four planets farthest from the Sun are called the __________ planets.

A

Outer

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13
Q

Outer planets are made mostly of ice and ______.

A

Gases

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14
Q

Because the outer planets are much larger than the inner planets, they are sometimes called __________.

A

Gas giants

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15
Q

A(n) ____________ is a spherical object that orbits the Sun, is not the moon of another planet, and has less mass than any of the eight planets.

A

Dwarf planets

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16
Q

Millions of small, rocky objects called ___________ orbit the Sun in a bel between Mars and Jupiter.

A

Asteroids

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17
Q

A(n) _______________ orbits the Sun in an oval-shaped orbit and is made of dust, gas, and ice.

A

Comets

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18
Q

The __________ is used to measure long distances in the solar system.

A

Astronomical unit

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19
Q

One astronomical unit (AU) is the average distance from Earth to the _________.

A

Sun

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20
Q

One way an object in the solar system moves is by orbiting, or _____________ around another planet.

A

Revolve

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21
Q

The amount of time it takes an object to revolve once around the Sun is its ____________.

A

Period of revolution

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22
Q

Objects in the solar system also spin, or _________.

A

Rotate

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23
Q

The time it takes an object to rotate once is its ___________.

A

Period of rotation

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24
Q

The shape of a planet’s orbit is a(n) __________, which is a stretched-out circle.

A

Ellipse

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25
Q

The Sun is at one of the __________ of the ellipse, so the distance between a planet and the Sun changes as the planet moves.

A

Foci

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26
Q

A planet moves __________ when it is closer to the Sun than when it is farther away.

A

Faster

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27
Q

The mass of a planet is much _________ than the mass of nearby objects.

A

Larger

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28
Q

The inner planets are those closet to the _________. They are also called the ___________.

A

Sun, terrestrial planets

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29
Q

The inner planets are made of ___________ and metallic materials.

A

Rock

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30
Q

The outer layers of the inner planets are in the ___________ state.

A

Solid

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31
Q

_____________ is the planet closet to the Sun.

A

Mercury

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32
Q

Mercury has no gases close to its surface, which means it has no ___________.

A

Atmosphere

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33
Q

Because of its small mass, Mercury’s ___________ is not strong enough to hold gases to its surface.

A

Gravity

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34
Q

Because Mercury has no wind to move energy from place to place, the temperatures on the side of Mercury facing the Sun are always extremely _______________.

A

High

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35
Q

Mercury’s surface is covered with impact ___________, smooth plains, and high cliffs.

A

Craters

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36
Q

Mercury has a core made of ___________ and nickel. It’s mantle is made of oxygen and _________.

A

Iron, silicon

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37
Q

__________ is the second planet from the Sun.

A

Venus

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38
Q

Venus ___________ more slowly than it revolves, so a day on Venus is longer than a year on Earth.

A

Spins/rotates

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39
Q

Unlike most other planets, Venus rotates from ________ to __________.

A

East, west

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40
Q

Most of Venus’s atmosphere is made up of ______________.

A

Carbon dioxide

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41
Q

Venus is covered by a thick layer of ____________.

A

Clouds

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42
Q

The clouds on Venus are made of ___________.

A

Acid

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43
Q

Venus is the ____________ planet in the solar system.

A

Hottest

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44
Q

The high temperatures on Venus are caused by the ___________.

A

Greenhouse effect

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45
Q

The greenhouse effect increases surface temperature because the ____________ traps solar energy.

A

Atmosphere

46
Q

Most of the surface of Venus is covered by solidified __________.

A

Lava

47
Q

The third planet from the Sun is _________.

A

Earth

48
Q

Earth’s atmosphere is made up of ___________ and a mixture of gases.

A

Water vapor

49
Q

The atmosphere produces a(n) ____________ that increases Earth’s average surface temperature.

A

Greenhouse effect

50
Q

_________________ is supported on Earth because of its atmosphere, large bodies of liquid water, and moderate temperature range.

A

A variety of life

51
Q

Earth has a solid inner core and a(n) ________ outer core.

A

Liquid

52
Q

The __________ surrounds the outer core.

A

Mantle

53
Q

Earth’s crust is broken into large sliding _________.

A

Plates

54
Q

Earth’s _________ is made mostly of oxygen and silicon.

A

Crust

55
Q

Mars is the ________ planet from the Sun.

A

Fourth

56
Q

Mars has _____ small moons.

A

2

57
Q

Many probes have examined the surface of Mars; most have looked for signs of __________.

A

Water

58
Q

Mars’s atmosphere contains mostly _____________.

A

Carbon dioxide

59
Q

Mars’s surface appears to be red because it’s soil contains ______________.

A

Iron oxide

60
Q

Ice caps on Mars are made up of ice and frozen _____________.

A

Carbon dioxide

61
Q

Features on Mars’s surface include craters, lava flows, canyons, and the largest known ____________ in the solar system.

A

Mountain

62
Q

The outer planets are made of materials that are usually ___________ on Earth.

A

Gases

63
Q

Gravitational forces produced by the sizes of these planets change gases into __________.

A

Liquids

64
Q

___________ is the largest planet in the solar system.

A

Jupiter

65
Q

Although it takes 12 years to revolve around the Sun, Jupiter _________ faster than any other planet.

A

Spins

66
Q

Jupiter has a system of _________ around it.

A

Rings

67
Q

Jupiter’s atmosphere contains helium but it mostly made up of ____________.

A

Hydrogen

68
Q

Jupiter’s rotation stretches its clouds into colorful _______________.

A

Swirling bands

69
Q

The ______________ on Jupiter is a storm that has lasted more than 300 years.

A

Great Red Spot

70
Q

Jupiter’s entire structure is made up of 80 percent hydrogen, about 20 percent ___________, and small amounts of other materials.

A

Helium

71
Q

Jupiter has a solid core that is surrounded by __________.

A

Thick liquid layer

72
Q

The four largest moon’s of Jupiter are called _____________. These are lo, _________, Ganymede, and Callisto.

A

Galilean Moons, Europa

73
Q

Like Jupiter, Saturn rotates __________ and has clouds in bands.

A

Rapidly

74
Q

Saturn is mostly made of ____________ and helium.

A

Hydrogen

75
Q

Saturn has the largest ___________ system in the solar system.

A

Rings

76
Q

Saturn has _________ bands of rings, each of which contains thousands of smaller rings.

A

Seven

77
Q

The rings are made mainly of ______ particles.

A

Ice

78
Q

Most of Saturn’s moons are small, but one of them, __________, is larger than the planet Mercury.

A

Titan

79
Q

Uranus’s atmosphere contains mostly hydrogen and helium, with small amounts of ____________.

A

Methane

80
Q

Beneath Uranus’s atmosphere is a slushy layer of water, ________, and other materials.

A

Ammonia

81
Q

Uranus might have a rocky ___________.

A

Solid core

82
Q

The rotational axis of Uranus is ________ more than that of other planets.

A

Tilted

83
Q

Uranus has at least ______ moons and a small ring system.

A

27

84
Q

The atmosphere and interior of Neptune are similar to ____________.

A

Uranus

85
Q

Neptune has at least _______ moons and a faint ring system.

A

13

86
Q

A dwarf planet is a sphere that orbits a(n) __________.

A

Star

87
Q

A dwarf planet has objects similar in _______ orbiting near it or crossing its orbital path.

A

Mass

88
Q

The dwarf planets in the solar system are _______, Ceres, Eris, Makemake, and Haumea.

A

Pluto

89
Q

Ceres is located in the __________ belt. It is the __________ dwarf planet in the solar system.

A

Asteroid, smallest

90
Q

Pluto has a rocky core surrounded by _____. It has _________ known moons.

A

Ice, 3

91
Q

________ is the largest dwarf planet. It is three times farther from the Sun than the dwarf planet _________ is.

A

Eris, Pluto

92
Q

Makemake and Haumea are dwarf planets in the _____________.

A

Kuiper belt

93
Q

Asteroids orbit the Sun in a band between _______ and Jupiter.

A

Mars

94
Q

The largest asteroid is called _________.

A

Pallas

95
Q

Asteroids are chunks of rock and ________.

A

Ice

96
Q

Comets are made up of rocks, ice, and _______.

A

Dust

97
Q

_________________ between the particles in a comet hold it together.

A

The gravitational attraction

98
Q

Comets ________ the Sun in long elliptical orbits.

A

Orbit

99
Q

As a comet approaches the Sun, a bright _______ can develop on the comet.

A

Tail (coma)

100
Q

The ____________ is the solid, inner part of a comet.

A

Nucleus

101
Q

As the comet approaches the Sun, it heats, changing some ice in the nucleus into a(n) __________.

A

Bright tail

102
Q

Energy from the Sun pushes gas and dust particles away from the nucleus and makes it _________.

A

Glow

103
Q

___________ comets take less than 200 years to orbit the Sun. They usually come from the ______________.

A

Short-period, Kuiper belt

104
Q

___________ comets take more than 200 years to orbit the Sun. They come from the ____________.

A

Long-period, Oort Cloud

105
Q

A small, rocky particle that moves through space is a(n) ___________.

A

Meteoroid

106
Q

As it passes through Earth’s atmosphere, friction with the air makes a meteoroid and the air around it _________.

A

Hot

107
Q

A streak of light in the atmosphere mad by a glowing meteoroid is a(n) ____________.

A

Meteor

108
Q

Most meteoroids _________ up in the atmosphere.

A

Burn

109
Q

A meteoroid that strikes the surface of a planet or a moon is called a(n) __________.

A

Meteorite

110
Q

A meteorite can form a bowl-shaped depression called a(n) ____________ in the surface it strikes.

A

Impact crater

6th Grade (12 decks)

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