6th - SS Chapter 22 Study Guide Flashcards
What did the ancestors of William the Conqueror (the Viking raiders) become known as?
Northmen or Normans
What were three results of the Norman Conquest?
- The Battle of Hastings wiped out many great Anglo-Saxon noble families and their lands were given to Norman barons.
- Introduced a strong feudal system.
- England now had a new ruling class - everyone in power in both the Church and the government was of Norman birth.
- Latin and French became the language of law, culture and government
Pope Gregory VII and the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV argued about?
Who had supreme authority over both the Church and secular, or non-church, leaders.
The history of the Anglo Saxon kingdoms can be traced back to what group?
The Germanic tribes
When did representative government in England begin?
During the 1200’s when the kings began seeking advice from county representatives
Kings became wealthy and politically stronger in the 1000s when this increased?
Trade increased
Where were the persecuted Christians accused of after the Crusades?
Heresy
What was the Reconquista?
The movement to drive the Muslims from Spain
Why was the pope angered by the crusades of the Fourth Crusade?
Because the crusaders attached and looted Constantinople
Name three ways Europe benefited from the Muslim culture.
- Gained more medical and scientific knowledge
- Were introduced to new and exotic goods
- Learned more about Ancient Greek and Roman cultures
What was the status of the Jews in Spain after 1492?
Those that refused to convert to Christianity were banished
What helped Europeans learn about the wider world?
The crusades
When did the Muslims maintain control of the Holy Land?
In 1291
Why did King John’s barons force him to sign the Magna Carta?
It promise the barons certain rights and made clear that even a king must abide by the law of the land.
Why did Harold, Earl of Wessex, succeed Edward to the throne of England?
As Edward lay dying, he supposedly promised the English Crown to Harold.
Who was the Muslim leader who escaped to Spain and established a new dynasty at Córdoba?
Abd al-Rahman
Who were the first rulers of the Holy Roman Empire?
Germanic tribes
How did the Magna Carta help in the development of democracy?
It made clear that even a king must abide by the law of the land
What was Parliaments original role?
To help collect taxes
How was the U.S. government influenced by Magna Carta?
It adopted the basic principles - rule of law, trail by jury and the right of the people to have a voice in their laws and taxation
What did Pope Gregory do to punish Henry after Henry tried to remove him from office?
He excommunicated him
What did Pope Gregory’s ruling state?
He declared his supreme authority over both the Church and secular, non-church, leaders.
Who held most of the political power between 900s and 1200s?
The aristocrats, whose castles helped them control their lands
Describe tenth century Córdoba (3 facts).
- It was the Muslim capital
- Europe’s largest city
- Had a great library
What was an important result of the Crusades?
Opened European’s eye to the rest of the world - wider world
What subjects did foreign students study in Muslim Spain?
Philosophy, music, and medicine
What was happening in Europe during the Crusades?
The crusades fueled dangerous passions in Europe. Campaigns were launched against religious minorities in Europe.
What did the ancestors of William the Conqueror (the Viking raiders) become known as?
Northmen or Normans
