6B: Memory Flashcards
What is information processing model?
Brain=computer
Receive the input, processing, and producing output
What is sensory memory?
short-term memory that takes sensory information and holds it temporarily
Iconic vs echoic memory
image vs auditory memory
Partial report technique vs whole-report technique
uses cued recall to identify a subset of character (higher recall)
vs try to recall as much info as possible ( lower recall)
What is the serial position effect?
Recall the first ( primary effect) and the last items (recency effect) in a series the best
Visu-spatial sketchpad
Component of working memory that holds visual and spatial for brief moments
Phonological loop
Component of working memory that deals with auditory info
Working memory
temporarily holds info for processing memory
Episodic buffer
function to temporarily store and integrate info across working memory components
Central executive
oversee the working memory system, directing info to various components
Operational span testing
Maximum words recalled in the following test:
1) subjects read and verify math problem
2) read words
3) perform recall test
What are the two types of long-term memory?
Explicit and implicit
Explicit memory
memory that can be described explicitly
What are the two types of explicit memory?
Semantic and Episodic memory
What is Semantic memory?
memory of words, concepts, facts, and number
What is Episodic memory?
Memories of events of someone’s life
What is implicit memory?
Memory that is acquired and used unconsiously
What is procedural memory?
the subset of implicit memories used in the performance of particular tasks unconsciously
Ex:
Priming?
Exposure to one stimulus influences the response to a subsequent stimulus
Negative vs positive priming
Reduce vs increase speed of processing compared to unprimed
Encoding
the transfer of info from working memory to long-term memory
Encoding specificity
Improvement of memory retrieval when conditions of testing are similar to conditions of encoding
Rote rehearsal vs chunking vs mnemonic device vs
self-referencing vs spacing
repeat same info vs grouping info into categories vs retrieval cues vs personal experiences vs space-repetition
Retrieval
the recall of learned info from memory
2 types of recall
Free call vs cued recall
State-dependent vs context-dependent of retrieval cues
retrieval is facilitated when one’s mental state/ physical environment during encoding and retrieval are similar
False information
Recollections of events are not accurate
Misleading information
Recollections of events that become less accurate due to post-event info
Source monitoring error
memory is attributed to wrong source
Ex:
Flashbulb memories
Memory with vivid details-snap shot
Ex: Covid-19, election
Long-term potential and long-term depression
Repeated/Reduced stimulation → strengthening/weakening of synaptic connection
Retroactive interference vs proactive
learning new info interfere with previously learned info
vs previously learn info interfere with new learning info
Neurodegenerative disease: dementia
decline in cognitive function to the point that interfere with one’s daily life
Korsakoff’s syndrome
Memory loss due to vitamin B1 deficiency
what is the precursor of Korsakoff’s syndrome?
Damage to certain areas causes poor balance, abnormal eye movements, confusion, and memory loss
–> Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Amnesia
Deficit in memory
Retrograde vs anterograde
Inability to recall previously encoded info vs
inability to encode new memories
Dissociate amnesia
Inability to recall important personal details-( post-tramatic event)
Semantic network
concepts are organized as an interconnected network of ideas, connecting concepts with similar ideas
Hierarchical semantic network
concepts are organized as nested folders, from high order to low order
Cognitive economy principle
Brain optimizes for efficiency such that information is organized in a way to minimize cognitive load
Spreading activation
Activation of one piece of memory will also cause recall of related nodes/concepts
