23.Social behavior Flashcards
Authoritarian parenting
Very strict, primarily through punishment
Authoritative parenting
Strict, but consistent and loving. Instills discipline and will listen to child’s arguments
Permissive/ indulgent parenting
Non-directive and lenient, not having clear expectations
Similarity bias in attraction
Only forming relationships with similar people
Projection bias in attraction
Assuming that others share a similar belief system even if they don’t
Self-serving bias in attraction
Tendency to attribute success to internal factors and failure to external factors, preserving our self-esteem
False bias in attraction
Tendency to overestimate how much others share our belief system
Secure attachment
Child shows preference for parent over strangers. Formed when caregiver has a sensitive response to child’s distress
Avoidant attachment
Child shows no preference for parent over strangers. Formed when caregiver has no response to child’s distress.
Ambivalent attachment
Child is distressed when parent leaves and ambivalent when parent returns. Formed when caregiver has inconsistent response to child’s distress
Disordered attachment
Child shows no clear pattern of behavior when parent leaves or returns. Formed when caregiver is erratic or abusive
Mere-exposure effect
A phenomenon where familiarity increases our attraction to something or someone
Supported by an experiment of individuals with anterograde amnesia, where they will rate familiar faces as more attractive even though they don’t consciously remember the faces
What is the most significant factor in the formation of a relationship?
Geographical proximity
Biological basis of aggression?
In the brain, the amygdala controls the fear response and results in aggressive behavior when stimulated
The frontal lobe handles impulse control and can lead to aggressive behavior when inhibited
The hormone testosterone can lead to aggression
SOcial-cultural basis of aggression?
People in unfamiliar situations can exhibit aggressive behavior by relying on social scripts
Social scripts are defined as sequences that people play out based on a pre-existing understanding of societal expectation
Example: The socially expected reaction to someone insulting our mother is to react aggressively
Deindividuation
Reduction in self-awareness when part of a larger group
Contributing factors = arousing activities, large group size, diffusion of responsibility, anonymity
Harlow’s monkey experiment
> whether mother-child attachment is determined by comfort or food
Monkeys were separated from their mothers and then offered either a wire mother-food or a cloth mother- comfort
Conclusion: Monkeys preferred the cloth mother – attachment is determined by comfort
Mary Ainsworth’s strange situation
This experiment tried to understand why some babies have stranger anxiety and others do not
Mother and child stayed in a room, then the mother left and returned
Conclusion: Children can form either secure or insecure attachment to the mother depending on parenting style. Sensitive parents form secure attachments
Tangible support
Financial support or goods
Altruism
Care for the welfare or well-being of others. However, can also be influenced by ulterior motives as described below
Empathy-altruism hypothesis
Hypothesis that empathy is the underlying reason for altruism. People who are empathetic also tend to be altruistic
Kin selection
People act more altruistically toward close kin
Reciprocal altruism
People act more altruistically toward those who have or could reciprocate – those who have helped them, or those who they may interact again with in the future
Cost signaling
Idea that acting altruistically establishes value – signals that one is reliable or cooperative
Inclusive fitness
altruism among organisms who share a given percentage of genes enables those genes to be passed on to subsequent generations.
