6B: Cognition

Question 1

Schema

Answer 1

Mental model providing a framework to organize and interpret new information

Question 2

Assimilation

Answer 2

Taking new info and experiences into our our scheme

Question 3

Accommodation

Answer 3

Adjusting a scheme to account for new experiences

Question 4

Problem solving (Ps): trial and error

Answer 4

Repeated attempts to solve the problem without a systematic approach

Question 5

Ps: Algorithm

Answer 5

Systematic approach to solve the problem, including logical step-by-step procedure to test solutions

Question 6

Ps: Heuristic

Answer 6

rule of thumbs= mental shortcuts, help to solve problems that are complex with incomplete info

Question 7

Ps: Means-end analysis

Answer 7

Identification of the differences between the current state and the goal state

Question 8

Ps: Working backward

Answer 8

problem-solving strategy where you start with the goal state and work backwards toward the current state

Question 9

Ps: Intuition

Answer 9

prblem-solving relying on instinctive feelings

Question 10

Ps: Fixation

Answer 10

Inability to view a new perspective in problem solving

Question 11

Decision making: availability heuristic

Answer 11

Mental short-cut relying on quickly accessible info and examples that come into mind

Question 12

Decision making: representativeness heuristic

Answer 12

Mental short-cut where decisions and judgements are based on comparing a situation to mental prototype

Question 13

Decision making: conjunction fallacy

Answer 13

Erroneous assumption that multiple specific conditions are more probable than a single condition

Question 14

Dm: belief perseverance

Answer 14

Persistently maintaining a belief despite evidence and facts to the contrary

Question 15

Dm: Framing effect

Answer 15

Decisions are influenced based on how options are represented, either by positive or negative connotations
Ex: half-f