6A - Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Question 1

cellular respiration

Answer 1

The process which cells create usable energy in the form of ATP from a series of biochemical reactions, including the breakdown of glucose.

Question 2

glucose

Answer 2

a simple 6-carbon sugar molecule with the formula C6H12O6

Question 3

aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 3

Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen. Involves three stages.
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 —-> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 or 38 ATP

Question 4

anaerobic fermentation

Answer 4

A metabolic pathway that occurs in the absence of oxygen. Involves glycolysis followed by further reactions.
ANIMALS: LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
C6H12O6 ----> 2 C3H6O3 + 2 ATP
PLANTS: ALCOHOL FERMENTATION
C6H12O6 -----> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP

Question 5

glycolosis

Answer 5

The first stage of cellular respiration in which glucose is converted to two pyruvate molecules.

Question 6

Krebs cycle

Answer 6

The second stage of aerobic cellular respiration, where multiple reactions occur to create ATP, NADH, FADH2 and the waste product CO2. AKA citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle.

Question 7

electron transport chain

Answer 7

The third stage of aerobic cellular respiration, in which a series of protein complexes embedded in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion harness the stored energy in NADH and FADH2 to generate large amounts of ATP.

Question 8

cytsole

Answer 8

The aqueous fluid that surrounds a cell’s organelles inside the plasma membrane.

Question 9

mitochondrial matrix

Answer 9

The space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. The site of the Krebs cycle.

Question 10

crista (pl. cristae)

Answer 10

The folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. The site of the electron transport chain.

Question 11

pyruvate

Answer 11

A three-carbon molecule that can be formed from the breakdown of glucose via glycolysis.

Question 12

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)

Answer 12

A coenzyme that acts as a proton (H+) and electron carrier in cellular respiration. NAD can cycle between its NAD+ and NADH forms, depending on the reaction it takes part in.

Question 13

flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)

Answer 13

A coenzyme that acts as a proton (H+) and electron carrier in cellular respiration. FAD can cycle between its FAD and FADH2 forms, depending on the reaction it takes part in.

Question 14

coenzyme A (CoA)

Answer 14

A large organic non-protein molecule that plays a key role in the modification of pyruvate to allow it to enter the Krebs cycle.

Question 15

acetyl-CoA

Answer 15

The product of the link reaction where pyruvate is conjugated to coenzyme A, creating the primary input into the Krebs cycle.

Question 16

ATP synthase

Answer 16

An enzyme in the inner mitochondrial membrane that uses the concentration gradient of H+ to synthesise ATP from ADP and Pi.