4F - Genetic Engineering

Question 1

genetic engineering technologies

Answer 1

Refers to the artificial alteration of an organism’s genome via the exchange of foreign genetic material, typically from another organism. This is often done external to the organism via the use of a transfer vector such as a plasmid. AKA genetic recombination technologies.

Question 2

silenced

Answer 2

Describes a gene that is prevented from being expressed.

Question 3

genetically modified organism (GMO)

Answer 3

An organism with genetic material that has been altered using genetic engineering technology.

Question 4

host organism

Answer 4

The organism which researchers wish to genetically modify.

Question 5

cisgenic organisms

Answer 5

A genetically modified organism that contain foreign genetic material from a sexually compatible donor organism. Typically from the same species.

Question 6

transgenic organism

Answer 6

A genetically modified organism that contains foreign genetic material from a seperate species (or recombinant DNA from the same species that has been manipulated before introduction).

Question 7

plant tissue culture

Answer 7

A range of techniques used to grow plant cells, tissues, or organs under sterile conditions using a nutrient culture medium, such as an agar plate or nutrient broth of known composition. It is widely used to produce clones of a plant.

Question 8

transgene

Answer 8

A gene that has been artificially introduced into the genome of a. seperate organism (usually of another species).