10B - Evidence of Relatedness

Question 1

structural morphology

Answer 1

The study of physical structures to establish relatedness.

Question 2

homologous structures

Answer 2

Features present in two or more species that may look and function very differently in each species, but are derived from a common ancestor.

Question 3

divergent evolution

Answer 3

The process in which a common ancestor evolves into tow or more descendant species.

Question 4

analogous structures

Answer 4

Features present in tow or more species that fulfil the same function but do not originate form a common ancestor.

Question 5

convergent evolution

Answer 5

The process in which distantly related species evolve similar traits overtime due to the action of similar selection pressures.

Question 6

vestigial structures

Answer 6

Features that have lost all or most of their usefulness as a result of evolution by natural selection.

Question 7

molecular homology

Answer 7

The study of the similarities in the nucleotide sequences of DNA or amino acid sequences in proteins between organisms to establish relatedness.

Question 8

conserved genes

Answer 8

Genes that have remained largely unchanged throughout evolution, and are found across the genome’s of many different species.

Question 9

haemoglobulin (Hb)

Answer 9

A protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for the transport of oxygen in the body.

Question 10

cytochrome c

Answer 10

An enzyme found in mitochondria that carries electrons in aerobic and anaerobic respiration reactions.

Question 11

mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

Answer 11

Circular DNA found in mitochondria.