2D - Gene Expression

Question 1

precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA)

Answer 1

The immediate product of transcription of a DNA sequence. Requires modifications before it can undergo translation.

Question 2

transcription factor

Answer 2

Proteins that bind to the promoter region and control the functioning of RNA polymerase.

Question 3

template strand

Answer 3

The strand of DNA transcribed by RNA polymerase to produce a complimentary pre-mRNA strand.

Question 4

coding strand

Answer 4

The strand of DNA NOT transcribed by RNA polymerase, contains an identical sequence to the mRNA strand produced (except thymine is replaced with uracil in mRNA).

Question 5

ribosome

Answer 5

An organelle made of rRNA and protein that is the site of protein synthesis. Can be free in the cytosol or attached to the RER.

Question 6

5’ methyl-G cap

Answer 6

A molecule added to the 5’ end of pre-mRNA during RNA processing.

Question 7

3’ poly-A tail

Answer 7

A chain of adenine nucleotides added to the 3’ end of pre-mRNA during RNA processing.

Question 8

splicing

Answer 8

process where introns are cut out of a pre-mRNA molecule, and exons are joined together.

Question 9

spliceosome

Answer 9

The enzyme that removes introns from the pre-mRNA molecule and joins exons together during RNA processing.

Question 10

alternative splicing

Answer 10

The process where different exons may be spliced, resulting in a single gene producing multiple different mRNA strands.

Question 11

anticodon

Answer 11

The sequence of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that recognises a specific sequence of three nucleotides (codon) on an mRNA stand.

Question 12

exocytosis

Answer 12

A type of bulk transport that moves large substances out of a cell.