2B - Nucleic Acids Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

nucleic acid

A

The class of a macromolecule that includes DNA and RNA. All nucleic acids are polymers made out of nucleotide monomers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

nucleotide

A

The monomer subunit of nucleic acids. Made up of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar molecule (ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA), and a phosphate group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

A double-stranded nucleic acid chain made up of nucleotides. DNA carries the instructions for proteins which are required for cell and organism survival.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

A

A single-stranded nucleic acid chain made up of nucleotides. Includes mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

phosphodiester bond

A

A strong covalent bond linking a five-carbon sugar to a phosphate group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sugar-phosphate backbone

A

A strong covalently linked chain of five-carbon sugar molecules and phosphate groups in a nucleic acid chain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

chromosome

A

A structure made of protein and nucleic acids that carries genetic information.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

gene

A

A section of DNA that carries the code to make a specific protein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

genome

A

The complete set of DNA housed within an organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

antiparallel

A

A characteristic of DNA strands describing how each strand runs in an opposite direction to the other. One strand runs in a 3’ to 5’ direction and the other runs in a 5’ to 3’ direction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

complementary base pairing

A

Describes which nucleotides can form hydrogen bonds with each.
Adenine pairs with Thymine (Uracil in RNA) and Guanine pairs with Cytosine (At The Giraffe Cage).
Cytosine and Guanine have 3 hydrogen bonds between them, Adenine and Thymine have 2 hydrogen bonds between them (AT2 GC3).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

double helix

A

The structure of a double-stranded DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, where each DNA strand wraps around a central axis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

nuclear DNA

A

DNA that is located in the nucleus of a cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

messenger RNA (mRNA)

A

RNA molecules that are produced during transcription and carry genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

transfer RNA (tRNA)

A

RNA that recognises specific codons on the mRNA strand and adds the corresponding amino acid to the polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

A

RNA that is a key structural component of ribosomes, which assemble proteins.