.65 Chapters 1+2 Flashcards
“Shall” or “must”
Means a procedure is mandatory
“Shall not” or “must not”
Means a procedure is prohibited
“Should”
Means a procedure is recommended
“May” or “need not”
Means a procedure is optional
“Will”
Means futurity, not a requirement for the application of a procedure
Singular words
Include the plural
Plural words
Include the singular
“Aircraft”
Means the airframe, crew members, or both
“Approved separation”
Means separation in accordance w/ the applicable minima in this order
“Altitude”
Means indicated altitude MSL, flight level, or both
“Miles”
Means nautical miles unless otherwise specified and means statute miles in conjunction w/ visibility
“Course,” “bearing,” “azimuth,” “heading,” “wind direction”
Information must always be magnetic unless specifically stated otherwise
UTC
Coordinated Universal Time
“Time”
When used for ATC operational activities, is the hour and the minute in UTC. Change to the next minute is made at the minute plus 30 seconds, except time checks are given to the nearest quarter minute
VMC
Visual Meteorological Conditions
CFR
Code of Federal Regulations
Before an aircraft leaves ATC frequency…
An understanding between the pilot and controller regarding the intent of the pilot and the status of the flight should be reached before the aircraft leaves ATC frequency
SAME COURSES
Are courses whose protected airspace’s are coincident, overlap, or intersect and whose angular difference is less than 45 degrees.
CROSSING COURSES
Are intersecting courses whose angular difference is 45 through 135 degrees inclusive
OPPOSITE / RECIPROCAL COURSES
Are courses whose protected airspace are coincident, overlay, or intersect and whose angular difference is greater than 135 degrees through 180 degrees inclusive
AIM
Aeronautical Information Manual
ALS
Approach Light System
APREQ
Approval Request
ARAC
Army Radar Approach Control Facility
ARTCC
Air Route Traffic Control Center
ATIS
Automatic Terminal Information Service
CFR
Call For Release
CTRD
Certified Tower Radar Display
CWA
Center Weather Advisory
FLIP
Flight Information Publication
HIRL
High intensity runway lights
IDS
Information display System
METAR
Aviation routine weather report
NOTAM
Notice to Air Missions
RNAV
Area navigation
TACAN
TACAN UHF navigational aid (omnidirectional course and distance information
TCAS
Traffic alert and collision Avoidance system
TDW
Tower display workstation
UTC
Coordinated Universal Time
VOR
VHF navigational aid (omnidirectional course information
VORTAC
Collocated VOR and TACAN navigation aids (VHF and UHF course and UHF distance information
ATC Service
1) The primary purpose of the ATC system is to prevent a collision involving aircraft operating in the System.
2) In addition to its primary purpose, the ATC system also:
• provides a sate, orderly, and expeditious flow of air traffic.
• supports national security and homeland Defense missions
Various factors that may preclude the additional Services ATC system must provide to the extent permitted:
• not optional on the part of the controller, but rather required when work situation permits
1) volume of traffic
2) frequency congestion
3) quality of surveillance
4) controller workload
5) higher priority duties
6) the physical inability to scan and detect situations falling in this category
Duty Priority
1) Give first priority to separating aircraft and issuing safety alerts as required in this order.
-Good judgment must be used in prioritizing all other provisions of this order based on the requirements of the situation at hand.
2) provide support to national security and homeland defense activities to include, but not limited to, reporting of suspicious or unusual aircraft/pilot activities
3) provide and/or solicit weather information in accordance with procedures and requirements outlined in this order
4) provide additional services to the extent possible, contingent only upon higher priority duties and other factors including limitations of radar, volume of traffic, frequency congestion, and workload.
Procedural Preference
1) use automation procedures in preference to nonautomation procedures when workload, communications, and equipment capabilities permit.
2) use automation procedures that provide closed loop clearances in preference to open loop clearances to promote operational advantage for time-based management when workload permits.
3) use radar separation in preference to nonradar separation when it will be to an operational advantage and workload, communications, and equipment permit.
4) use nonradar separation in preference to radar separation when the situation dictates that an operational advantage will be gained
Operational Priority
Provide air traffic control service to aircraft on a “first come, first served” basis as circumstances permit.
Except:
1) aircraft in distress has the right of way over all other traffic.
2) provide priority handling to civil air ambulance flights when the pilot, in radio transmissions, verbally identifies the flight by stating “MEDEVAC” followed by the FAA authorized call sign
3) provide priority handing and expedite the movement of presidential aircraft and entourage and any rescue support aircraft
4) provide priority handing and maximum assistance to expedite the movement of interceptor aircraft on active air defense missions until the unknown aircraft is identified
ETC…
Expeditious compliance
Use the word “immediately” only when expeditions compliance is required to avoid an imminent situation
Prompt Compliance
Use the word “expedite” only when prompt compliance is required to avoid the Development of an imminent situation.
Safety alert
Issue a safety alert to an aircraft if you are aware the aircraft is in a position / altitude that, in your judgement, places it in unsafe proximity to terrain, obstructions, or other aircraft.
Once pilot informs you action is bring taken to resolve the situation, you may discontinue the issuance of further alerts.
Do not assume that because someone else has responsibility for the aircraft that the unsafe situation has been observed and safety alert issued; inform the appropriate controller.
Formation flights
Control formation flights as a single aircraft.
• support formation join-up for two aircraft I when requested by any participating pilot, All participating pilots concur, either report other in sight.
• standard formation- only lead aircraft will squawk an ATC assigned beacon code, all others squawk standby
• non-standard formation- each aircraft should squawk an ATC assigned beacon code.
• formation break up- issue control instructions and/or clearances which will result in approved separation through the lead or directly requesting aircraft formation
Bird activity information
Issue advisory information on pilot-reported, tower-observed, or radar-observed and pilot-verified bird activity.
Include:
1) position
2) species or size of bird if known
3) course of flight
4) altitude
Do this for at least 15 minutes after receipt of such info from pilots or adjacent facilities unless visual observation or subsequent reports reveal the activity is no longer a factor.
•relay bird activity into to adjacent facilities and to FSS’s when ever it appears it will become a factor in their areas.
*“flock of geese, one o’clock, seven miles, northbound, last reported at four thousand.
*“flock of small birds, southbound along Chena River, last reported at three thousand.”
*“numerous flocks of ducks, vicinity China lake, altitude unknown.”
Control transfer
1) transfer control of an aircraft in accordance w/ the following:
• At a prescribed or coordinated location, time, fix, or altitude: or
• at the time a radar handoff and frequency change to the receiving controller have been completed and when authorized by a facility directive or LOA which specifies the type and extent of control that is transferred
2) transfer control of an aircraft only after eliminating any potential conflict w/ other aircraft for which you have separation responsibility
3) assume control of an aircraft only after it is in your area of jurisdiction unless specifically coordinated or as specified by an LOA or a facility directive
Radio communications
Transfer radio communications before an aircraft enters the receiving controllers area of jurisdiction unless otherwise coordinated or specified by an LOA/ facility directive
** “CONTACT (facility name or location name and terminal function), (frequency).”**
Controllers must, within a reasonable amount of time ( considered to be 5 minutes from the time the aircraft enters the controllers area of jurisdiction or comes within range of radios ), take appropriate action to establish/restore communications with all aircraft for which a communications transfer or initial contact to their sector is expected/ required.
In situations where the controller does not want the pilot to change frequency, use the following phraseology:
“Remain this frequency”
Operational requests
1) restate request in complete or abbreviated terms followed by the word “APPROVED.”
2) In lieu of a lengthy readback, use the term “APPROVED AS REQUESTED.”
3) state the word “UNABLE” and, time permitting, a reason.
4) state the words “STAND BY.” controller acknowledges the request and will respond at a later time.
Traffic advisories
Issue traffic advisories to all aircraft on your frequency when, in your judgment, their proximity may diminish to less than the applicable separation minima.
”TRAFFIC, (clock direction) 2 o’clock, (distance) 7 miles, (direction) Southwest bound, (aircraft type if known) Boeing seven twenty seven, (altitude if known) two thousand three hundred.”
Radio communications
Use radio frequencies for the special purposes for which they are intended.
A single frequency may be used for more than one function except as follows:
- when combing positions in the tower, do not use ground control frequency for airborne communications.
Monitoring interphones
Monitor interphones and assigned radio frequencies continuously.
Pilot acknowledgment / read back
Ensure pilots acknowledge all air traffic clearances and ATC instructions.
When a pilot reads back an air traffic clearance or ATC instruction:
a) ensure that the items read back are correct
b) ensure The read back of hold instructions, whether a part of taxi instructions or a LAHSO clearance.
c) ensure pilots use call signs and/or registration numbers in any read back acknowledging an air traffic clearance or ATC instruction.
Radio priority interruption
Use the words”EMERGENCY” or “CONTROL” for interrupting lower priority messages when you have an emergency or control message to transmit
PIREP solicitation phraseology
“REQUEST / SAY FLIGHT CONDITIONS”
Reporting weather conditions
When the prevailing visibility at the usual point of observation, or at the tower level, is less than 4 miles
Make a new ATIS recording when any of the following occur:
1) upon receipt of any new official weather regardless if there is a change in values or not
2) when runway braking action reports indicate runway braking is worse than current ATIS
3 when there is a change in any pertinent data
- runway change
- approach in use
- new/canceled NOTAMs/PIREPs
-etc.
Calm wind
Describe wind as calm when the wind velocity is less than 3 knots
ATIS prior to broadcasting
ATIS recording must be reviewed for completeness, accuracy, speech rate, and proper enunciation before being transmitted
