.65 Chapter 3 Sections 1-7 Flashcards
When do you provide service?
Provides airports traffic control service based only upon observed or known traffic and airport conditions
Who has primary responsibility for operations conducted on the active runway?
Local control
What must ground control do in order to use any active surface?
Ground control must obtain approval from local control befor authorizing an aircraft or a vehicle to cross or use any portion of an active runway.
Coordination must include the point/intersection at the runway where the operation will occur.
What must local control do in order to authorize another controller use of an active runway?
When the local controller authorizes another controller to cross an active runway, the local controller must verbally specify the runway to be crossed and the point/intersection at the runway where the operation will occur preceded by the word “cross.”
Ground control should do what when their operations on an active runway is complete?
The ground controller must advise the local controller when the coordinated runway operation is complete.
This may be accomplished verbally or through visual aids as specified by a facility directive.
How may coordination between local and ground controllers happen?
Local and ground controllers must exchange information as necessary for the safe and efficient use of airport runways and movement areas.
This may be accomplished via:
•verbal means
• flight progress strips
• other written information
• automation displays
As a minimum, provide aircraft identification and applicable runway/intersection/taxiway information
RSA
Runway safety area
When are vehicles, equipment or personnel authorized to operate in the RSA
When established in an LOA, vehicles, equipment, and personnel in two-way communications with ATC may be authorized to operate in the runway safety area (RSA) up to the edge of the runway surface, which includes when aircraft are arriving, departing, or taxing along the runway.
- ensures that the runway to be used is free of all known grounds vehicles, equipment, and personnel before a departing aircraft starts takeoff or a landing aircraft crosses the runway threshold.
Giving traffic information to aircraft
Describe vehicles, equipment, or personnel on or near the movement area in a manner which will assist pilots in recognizing them.
Describe the relative position of traffic in an easy to understand manner, such as “to your right” or “ahead of you.”
When using a CTRD, you may issue traffic advisories using the standard radar phraseology
CTRD
Certified Tower Radar Display
Position determination of traffic
Determine the position of an aircraft, personnel or equipment before issuing taxi instructions, take off clearance, or authorizing personnel, and/or equipment to proceed onto the movement area.
ITWS
Integrated Terminal Weather System
LLWS
Low Level Wind Shear
Low level wind shear/ microburst advisories
•When low level wind shear/microburst is reported by pilots Integrated Terminal Weather System (ITWS), or detected on wind shear detection systems.
•Controllers must issue the alert to all arriving and departing aircraft.
•Continue the alerts to aircraft until it is broadcast on the ATIS and pilots indicate they have received the appropriate ATIS code.
•Statement must be included on the ATIS for 20 minutes following the last report or indication of the wind shear /microburst
“Low level wind shear (or microburst) advisories in effect”
Wind shear escape procedures
Is an aircraft under your control informs you that it is performing a wind shear escape, do not issue control instructions that are contrary to pilot actions. ATC should continue to provide safety alerts regarding terrain or obstacles and traffic advisories for the escape aircraft, as appropriate.
Observed abnormalities
When requested by a pilot or when you deem it necessary, inform an aircraft of any observed abnormal aircraft condition.
“Landing gear appears up”
Key words: APPEARS
Visually scanning runways
Local controllers must visually scan runways to the maximum extent possible
Ground control must assist local control in visually scanning runways, especially when runways are in close proximity to other movement areas.
Requirements in order to enterclass D airspace
Pilots are required to establish two-way radio communications before entering the class D airspace.
*If controller responds with “aircraft ID, standby,” radio communications have been established and the pilot can enter the class D airspace.
If workload or traffic conditions prevent immediate provision of airport traffic control services, inform the pilot to remain outside class D airspace until conditions permit the services to be provided.
Example: “call sign, remain outside Delta airspace and stadby.”
Ground operations when volcanic ash is present
When volcanic ash is present on the airport surface, and to the extent possible:
• avoid requiring aircraft to come to a full stop while taxing
• provide for a rolling takeoff for all departures
Visual signals: receiver-only acknowledgment: Fixed wing
Day
- move ailerons or rudders while on the ground
- Rock wings while in flight
Night
- flash navigation or landing lights
Visual signals: receiver-only acknowledgment: helicopters
Day:
- while hovering, either turn the helicopter toward the controlling facility and flash the landing light
- Rock the tip path plane
Night:
- flash landing light or search light
Steady Green
Aircraft on the ground
• cleared for takeoff
Aircraft inflight
• cleared to land
Movement of vehicles, equipment and personnel
•cleared to cross; proceed; go
Flashing Green
Aircraft on the ground
• cleared to taxi
Aircraft inflight
• return for landing (to be followed by steady green at the proper time)
Movement of vehicles, equipment and personnel
•not applicable
Steady Red
Aircraft on the ground
• stop
Aircraft inflight
• give way to other aircraft and continue circling
Movement of vehicles, equipment and personnel
• stop
Flashing Red
Aircraft on the ground
• taxi clear of landing area or runway in use
Aircraft inflight
• Airport unsafe- do not land
Movement of vehicles, equipment and personnel
•clear the taxiway/runway
Flashing white
Aircraft on the ground
• return to starting point on airport
Aircraft inflight
• N/A
Movement of vehicles, equipment and personnel
•return to starting point on airport
Alternating Red and Green
Aircraft on the ground
• general warning signal - exercise extreme caution
Aircraft inflight
•general warning signal - exercise extreme caution
Movement of vehicles, equipment and personnel
• general warning signal - exercise extreme caution
Who is responsible for observing and reporting the condition of the landing area?
Airport management/military operations office
Who’s responsibility is it to provide the tower with current information regarding airport conditions?
It is the responsibility of the agency operating the airport
If you observe or are informed of any condition which affects the safe use of a landing area:
1) relay the information to the airport manager/military operations office concerned.
2) copy verbatim any information received and record the name of the person submitting it.
3) confirm information obtained from otherthan authorized airport or FAA personnel unless this function is the responsibility of the Military operations office.
4) if you are unable to contact the airport manageme or operator, issue a NOTAM publicizing an unsafe condition and inform the management or operator as soon as possible.
Who can close a runway?
Legally, only the airport management /military operations office
Who is authorized to issue NOTAMs?
His the responsibility of the military operations office.
*Military controllers are not authorized to issue NOTAMs
Closed/unsafe runway information
If an aircraft requests to takeoff, land, or touch-and-go on a closed or unsafe runway, inform the pilot the runway is closed or unsafe.
- if pilot persists in his/her request, quote the appropriate parts of the NOTAM or inform him/her that the operation will be at his (her) own risk.
Information to issue in a timely manner
Issue airport condition information necessary for an aircraft’s safe operation in time for it to be useful to the pilot.
Include the following as appropriate:
-construction work on or immediately adjacent to the movement area.
- rough portions of the movement area.
- braking conditions caused by ice, snow, slush, or water.
- snowdrifts or piles of snow on or along the edges of the area and the extent of any plowed area.
- parked aircraft on the movement area
- irregular operation of part or all of the airport lighting system.
- volcanic ash on any airport surface area and whether the ash is wet o dry.
Breaking action terms
Describe the quality of braking action using the terms
Good
Good to medium
Medium
Medium to poor
Poor
Nil
*if the pilot reports braking action in other than approved terms, ask them to categorize braking action to these terms
Braking action
1) describe quality of braking
2) include type of aircraft from which the report is received
3) if the braking action report affects only a portion of a runway, obtain enough information from the pilot to describe the braking action in terms easily understood by other pilots.
4) issue the runway surface condition and/or the runway condition Reading, If provided, to all USAF and ANG aircraft. Issue the RCR to other aircraft upon pilot request.
ex. ** “braking action poor first half of runway, reported by a Boeing Seven Fifty - Seven.” **
Emergency lighting
Whenever you become aware that an emergency has or will occur, take action to provide for the operation of all appropriate airport lighting aids as required.
REIL
RUNWAY END IDENTIFIER LIGHTS
When separate on-off controls are provided, operate REILs when -
a) when the associated runway lights are lighted. Turn the REIL off after:
•an arriving aircraft has landed
• a departing aircraft has left the traffic pattern area.
• it is determined that the lights are of no further use to the pilot
b) As required by facility directives to meet local conditions
c) as requested by the pilot
d) operate intensity setting in accordance with the values in TBL 3-4-1 except as prescribed in sub paragraphs b and c above.
Crossing phraseology
“Cross”
“At”
REIL intensity setting - three step system
Setting 3
Day- less than 2 miles
Night- less than 1 mile
Setting 2
Day - 2 to 5 miles inclusive
Night - 1 to but not including 3 miles
Setting 1
Day- when requested
Night - 3 miles or more
Operate approach lights:
A) between sunset and sunrise when one of the following conditions exists:
•they serve the landing runway
• they serve a runway to which an approach is being made but aircraft will land on another runway
B) between sunrise and sunset when the ceiling is lessthan 1000 feet or the prevailing visibility is 5 miles or less and approaches are being made to:
• A landing runway served by the lights.
•A runway served by th ligh but aircraft are landing on another runway.
• the airport, but landing will be made on a runway served by the lights.
C) As requested by the pilot
D) As you deem necessary, if not contrary to pilot’s request.
ALS intensity setting
Step 5
Day - less than 1 mile
Night - when requested
Step 4
Day- 1 to but not including 3 miles
Night- when requested
Step 3
Day- 3 to but NOT including 5 miles
Night - less than 1 mile
Step 2
Day - 5 to but not including 7 miles
Night - 1 to 3 miles inclusive
Step 1
Day - when requested
Night - greater than 3 miles
RVR
Runway Visibility Reporting
Rotating beacon
If controls are provided, turn the rotating beacon on
1) between sunset and Sunrise
2) between sunrise and sunset when reported ceiling or visibility is below basic VFR minima
Who is responsible for runway selection
The SL or CIC determines which runway/s are designated runway in use/active runway
Runway selection
Assign the runway most nearly aligned with the wind when 5 knots or more, or the “calm wind” runway when less than 5 knots unless:
• use of another runway is operationally advantageous
• A runway use program is in effect
- tailwind and crosswind considerations take precedence over delay/capacity considerations, and noise abatement operations/ procedures/ agreements
- if a pilot prefers to use a runway different from that specified, the pilot is expected to advise ATC, ATC may honor such requests us soon as is operationally practicable. ATC will advise pilots when the requested runway is noise-sensitive
Tailwind components
When authorizing use of runways and tailwind component exists, always state both wind direction and velocity.
Authorized ground movement phraseology
Aircraft:
Taxi
Proceed (as appropriate)
Hold
Equipment/ vehicles/ personnel
Proceed
Hold
** DO NOT USE THE WORD “CLEARED” in conjunction with authorization for aircraft to taxi or equipment /vehicle/personnel operations.
Intersection departures
May be initiated by a controller or a controller may authorize an intersection departure If a pilot requests
Issue the measured distance from the intersection to the runway end rounded “down” to the nearest 50 feet to any pilot who requests and to all military aircraft, unless use of the intersection is covered in appropriate directives.
Intersection departure phraseology
Runway “25” at “taxiway B” intersection departure “6,700” feet available
Issue progressive taxi/ground movement instructions when:
1) A pilot/operator requests
2)The specialist deems it necessary due to traffic or field conditions, e.g., construction or closed taxiways.
3) necessary during reduced visibility, especially when the taxi route is not visible from the tower
Use of tower Radar displays
Local controllers may use certified tower radar displays for the following purposes:
1)to determine an aircraft’s identification, exact location, or spatial relationship to other aircraft.
2) to provide aircraft with radar traffic advisories.
3) to provide a direction or suggested headings to VFR aircraft as a method for radar identification or as an advisory and to navigation.
4) to provide information and instructions to aircraft operating within the surface area for which the tower has responsibility.
